亚美尼亚—阿塞拜疆和平协议

签署

2025年8月8日，美国总统唐纳·特朗普在白宫会见到访的亚美尼亚总理尼科尔·帕希尼扬和阿塞拜疆总统伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫，并且一同在和平协议上签字，该协议被认为是亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆结束在纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫及两国边境冲突，迈向和平的进程中的重大突破。联合国秘书长安东尼欧·古特瑞斯随后发表欢迎亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆签署和平协议的声明，并表示联合国对推进高加索地区持久和平稳定的努力予以坚定的支持。亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆表示将会提名特朗普角逐诺贝尔和平奖。

The Armenia–Azerbaijan peace deal, officially titled the Agreement "On the Establishment of Peace and Interstate Relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan", aims to end the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. On 8 August 2025, Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan and Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev, with the mediation of United States president Donald Trump, initialed an agreement and signed a joint declaration emphasizing the need to continue efforts toward the signing and final ratification of the agreement.

One concession made by Armenia is the withdrawal of Russian defensive forces from the Armenia-Azerbaijani border.

Another key part of the agreement is the construction of a route (described as the "Zangezur corridor" by Turkish and Azerbaijani sources) linking mainland Azerbaijan to its Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which is separated by a 32 km (20 mi) stretch of Armenian territory. The route will remain a part of Armenian territory and be operated according to Armenian law, but the United States will have exclusive rights to develop the area for 99 years. Because of US president Donald Trump's role in brokering the agreement, the route has been named the Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity (TRIPP). Currently, due to the ongoing Turkish–Azeri blockade of Armenia, direct transit through the region is hampered. In addition to the immediate goal, the completion of the route would allow the passage of people and goods from Europe to Azerbaijan and the broader Central Asia without needing to travel through Russia or Iran. Iran and Russia have condemned the role of the United States in the proposed TRIPP project as an encroachment.

Background

The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict began in 1988 when ethnic Armenians demanded the transfer of the NKAO region to Armenia. As the war progressed, Armenia and Azerbaijan, then both former Soviet Republics, entangled themselves in a protracted, undeclared war in the mountainous heights of Karabakh as Azerbaijan attempted to curb the secessionist movement in Nagorno-Karabakh. On 20 February 1988, the enclave's parliament voted in favour of uniting with Armenia. As the Soviet Union's dissolution neared, the tensions gradually grew into an increasingly violent conflict between ethnic Armenians and ethnic Azerbaijanis. Both sides made claims of ethnic cleansing and pogroms conducted by the other.

Geopolitical significance

The strategic transit route between Armenia and Azerbaijan is planned to be named the Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity, or TRIPP, and the development rights to the project are guaranteed to the United States for 99 years. Under the agreement, the US would sublease the land to a consortium that will develop rail, oil, gas, and fiber optic lines, as well as possibly electricity transmission, along the 43-kilometre (27 mi) route.

The deal reduces Russian influence in the South Caucasus, as Armenia has shifted toward Western partnerships following Azerbaijan's 2023 military recapture of Nagorno-Karabakh.……

Reactions

The European Union, NATO, and the Council of Europe welcomed the signing of the peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Iran and Russia have condemned the role of the United States in the proposed Zangezur corridor as an encroachment. Observers have also criticized the peace deal for not addressing the right of return for ethnic Armenians who fled from Nagorno-Karabakh as a result of Azerbaijan's 9-month-long military siege and offensive.……