慕容永

生平

前秦建元六年（370年），前燕为前秦所灭后，鲜卑慕容部许多人人被迁往关中，慕容永因此至长安。因家中贫困，与妻子二人常在市场卖靴子维生。

建元二十年（384年），慕容泓称王，改元燕兴，西燕始。

明年，西燕慕容冲称帝，以慕容永为将军。

第三年，在经过一连串的政变后，慕容永拥立慕容忠为帝，被命为太尉，守尚书令，封河东公。数月后，慕容忠被将军刁云所杀，慕容永于是被推为大都督、大将军、大单于、雍秦梁凉四州牧、河东王，暂对后燕帝慕容垂称臣。数月后，慕容永进据长子，即皇帝位，并改元中兴，并将治下慕容俊、慕容垂子孙无论男女全部杀死。慕容垂的孙子慕容盛因有先见之明先一步与叔父慕容柔、弟弟慕容会逃到后燕而得免。

中兴八年（393年），后燕大举伐西燕，明年西燕为后燕所灭，慕容永被杀。

慕容永的儿子太子慕容亮、常山公慕容弘同时被杀。

Murong Yong (Chinese: 慕容永; died 394), courtesy name Shuming (叔明), was the last emperor of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Yan dynasty. He was the grandson of Murong Yun (慕容運), the uncle of Former Yan's founder Murong Huang. As a member of Former Yan's imperial clan, he was moved to Guanzhong, Former Qin's capital region, when Former Qin destroyed Former Yan in 370. He was described as poor, and he and his wife made their living by selling boots.

Murong Yong apparently became a Western Yan general in 384, when its first two rulers Murong Hong and Murong Chong rose against Former Qin. The first actual historical reference to his actions, however, was in 386, when, after Murong Chong was assassinated by the general Han Yan (韓延) and replaced by Duan Sui, Murong Yong and another general, Murong Heng (慕容恆), jointly attacked Duan Sui and killed him, replacing him with Murong Yi. The Xianbei people then abandoned Chang'an, formerly Former Qin's capital, and headed east back toward their homeland. Later that month, however, after Murong Heng's brother Murong Tao (慕容韜) killed Murong Yi, and Murong Heng supported Murong Chong's son Murong Yao to replace Murong Yi, Murong Yong, along with another general Diao Yun (刁雲), attacked Murong Tao, forcing him to flee to Murong Heng. Later that month, Murong Yong killed Murong Yao and replaced him with Murong Hong's son Murong Zhong.

Three months later, however, Diao killed Murong Zhong and supported Murong Yong to replace him. Murong Yong claimed the title of Prince of Hedong and sought to be a vassal of the Later Yan emperor Murong Chui. He also tried to negotiate with the Former Qin emperor Fu Pi, asking Fu Pi to allow him a path back east, but Fu Pi refused and tried to intercept Western Yan forces.……

Personal Information

Sons

• Murong Liang (慕容亮), Crown Prince
• Murong Hong (慕容弘), Duke of Changshan

Both his sons died in 394, presumably killed along with him.