第二次马纳沙斯之役

战前

约翰·波普少将自8月26日起没有得到任何支援，但仍深信正在不远处的乔治·B·麦克莱伦会尽可能援助他，所以他决定留下与李将军的部队作战。

战事

双方的军队在早上都收到进军的消息。波普少将发动一连串的进攻，企图冲破其防线。北军与杰克逊的部下作战至下午，就撤退了。因为波普此时发现隆史崔特已经赶到，但其实在早上十一时隆史崔特就已到达战场。

次日，波普观察南军的进军路线后误以为他们正在撤退，立即通知各部下，包括麦克莱伦的大军追赶，其中一、两个师跟随在南军后面，另外三个则侧面包抄，企图把南军困在一起。

不料，原来南军只是在部署兵力，延长战线，企图于北军进攻时打击其侧翼。北军的进攻部队很快就遭南军炮火轰炸。然而，北军继续前行，攻击杰克逊的防线，而隆史崔特就趁机攻击北军左翼，成功后与杰克逊攻向北军的中央，逼使波普与部下渡过牛奔河，退守华盛顿特区。

此会战的胜利鼓舞南军主动向北方发动侵略，马里兰战役不久展开。

The Second Battle of Bull Run or Battle of Second Manassas was fought August 28–30, 1862, in Prince William County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. It was the culmination of the Northern Virginia campaign waged by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia against Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's Army of Virginia, and a battle of much larger scale and numbers than the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas) fought on July 21, 1861, on the same ground.

Following a wide-ranging flanking march, Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson captured the Union supply depot at Manassas Junction, threatening Pope's line of communications with Washington, D.C. Withdrawing a few miles to the northwest, Jackson took up strong concealed defensive positions on Stony Ridge and awaited the arrival of the wing of Lee's army commanded by Maj. Gen. James Longstreet. On August 28, 1862, Jackson attacked a Union column just east of Gainesville, at Brawner's Farm, resulting in a stalemate but successfully getting Pope's attention. On that same day, Longstreet broke through light Union resistance in the Battle of Thoroughfare Gap and approached the battlefield.

Pope became convinced that he had trapped Jackson and concentrated the bulk of his army against him. On August 29, Pope launched a series of assaults against Jackson's position along an unfinished railroad grade. The attacks were repulsed with heavy casualties on both sides. At noon, Longstreet arrived on the field from Thoroughfare Gap and took position on Jackson's right flank. On August 30, Pope renewed his attacks, seemingly unaware that Longstreet was on the field. When massed Confederate artillery devastated a Union assault by Maj. Gen.……

Background

Military situation

After the collapse of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Peninsula campaign in the Seven Days Battles of June 1862, President Abraham Lincoln appointed John Pope to command the newly formed Army of Virginia. Pope had achieved some success in the Western Theater, and Lincoln sought a more aggressive general than McClellan.

Plans

Pope's mission was to fulfill two basic objectives: protect Washington and the Shenandoah Valley;……

Initial movements in the Northern Virginia campaign

On August 3, General-in-Chief Henry Halleck directed McClellan to begin his final withdrawal from the Peninsula and to return to Northern Virginia to support Pope.……

Opposing forces

Union

Gen. Pope's Army of Virginia of approximately 43,500 men at the time of its constitution in June, was divided into three army corps:

The I Corps, under Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel consisted of the divisions of:

Brig Gen. Robert C. Schenck (brigades of Brig Gen. Julius Stahel and Col. Nathaniel C. McLean).

Brig Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr (brigade of Col. John A. Koltes).

Brig Gen. Carl Schurz (brigades of Col. Alexander Schimmelfennig and Col.……

Battle

August 28: Brawner's Farm (Groveton)

The Second Battle of Bull Run began on August 28 as a Federal column, under Jackson's observation just outside Gainesville, near the farm of the John Brawner family, moved along the Warrenton Turnpike. It consisted of units from Brig. Gen. Rufus King's division: the brigades of Brig. Gens. John P. Hatch, John Gibbon, Abner Doubleday, and Marsena R. Patrick, marching eastward to concentrate with the rest of Pope's army at Centreville.……

Aftermath

Casualties

The Second Battle of Manassas, like the First (July 21, 1861), was a significant tactical victory for the Confederates and was another blow to Union morale. Union casualties were about 14,462 (1,747 killed, 8,452 wounded, and 4,263 captured or missing ) out of 70,000 engaged; the Confederates casualties were about 7,387 (1,096 killed, 6,202 wounded, and 89 captured or missing) out of 55,000 engaged.

Chantilly

As the Union army concentrated on Centreville, Lee planned his next move.……

Battlefield preservation

Part of the site of the battle is now Manassas National Battlefield Park. Located north of Manassas, in Prince William County, Virginia, it preserves the site of two major American Civil War battles: the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861, and the Second Battle of Bull Run which was fought between August 28 and August 30, 1862 (also known as the First Battle of Manassas and the Second Battle of Manassas, respectively).……