土柔王国

历史

十九世纪前的某个时候，土柔王国从布尼奥罗王国的一个分离部分演变而来。1830年，奥穆卡玛奥利米一世脱离并建立了自己的独立王国。1876 年，该王国并入布尼奥罗王国，但又于 1891 年重新获得独立。1967 年，乌干达政府废除了君主制，1993 年又恢复了君主制。

The Tooro Kingdom is one of the 17 recognised traditional kingdoms located within the borders of Uganda.

The people native to the kingdom are the Batooro, and their language is likewise called Rutooro. The Batooro and those of the neighbouring kingdom of Bunyoro, speak the Runyoro/Rutooro dialect of the Runyakitara language and share a similar background and cultural traits. The Batooro live on Uganda's western border, south of Lake Albert.

History

The Tooro Kingdom evolved out of a breakaway segment of Bunyoro sometime before the nineteenth century. It was founded in 1830 when Omukama Kaboyo Olimi I, the eldest son of Omukama of Bunyoro Nyamutukura Kyebambe III of Bunyoro, seceded and established his own independent kingdom. Absorbed into Bunyoro-Kitara in 1876, it reasserted its independence in 1891.

In 1967, with the ratification of the Third constitution of Uganda, Tooro's monarchy was abolished, alongside the monarchies of Bunyoro, Buganda, Ankole, and Busoga, but was reinstated in 1993.

Cultural influence

The Austrian painter Friedensreich Hundertwasser (1928–2000) spent some time there in the 1960s where he painted a number of works and named them after the kingdom.

The Batooro people have a strong culture but similar in stratification to Banyoro. They have a strong cultural naming system (PET NAME) known as Empaako. With the Empaako naming system, children are given one of twelve names shared across the communities in addition to their given and family names. Addressing someone by his or her Empaako is a positive affirmation of cultural ties. It can be used as a form of greeting or a declaration of affection, respect, honour or love.

Use of Empaako can defuse tension or anger and sends a strong message about social identity and unity, peace and reconciliation. The Empaako names are: Amooti, Abooki, Akiiki, Ateenyi, Adyeeri, Atwooki, Abwooli, Araali, Acaali, Bbala, and Okaali.

Abakama ba Tooro (Kings of Tooro)

• The following is a list of the Abakama of Tooro since 1800:
• Olimi I: 1822–1865
• Ruhaga of Tooro: 1865–1866
• Nyaika Kyebambe I: 1866–1871 and 1871–1872
• Rukidi I: 1871
• Olimi II: 1872–1875
• Rukidi II: 1875–1875
• Rububi Kyebambe II: 1875 and 1877–1879
• Kakende Nyamuyonjo: 1875–1876 and 1879–1880
• Katera: 1876–1877
• Interregnum, reverted to Bunyoro: 1880–1891
• Kyebambe III: 1891–1928
• Rukidi III: 1929–1965
• Olimi III: 1965–1967 and 1993–1995

in pretence: 1967–1993 (monarchy abolished)

Rukidi IV: 1995–2026

Nyabongo I, September 2026–present.