也门穆塔瓦基利亚王国

The Kingdom of Yemen (Arabic: المملكة اليمنية, romanized: al-Mamlakah al-Yamanīyah), officially the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (Arabic: المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية, romanized: al-Mamlakah al-Mutawakkilīyah al-Yamanīyah) and also known simply as Yemen or, retrospectively, as North Yemen, was a state that existed between 1918 and 1970 in the northwestern part of the modern country of Yemen. Located in the Middle East, it was bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Aden Protectorate to the south, and the Red Sea to the west. Its capital was Sanaa from 1918 to 1948, then Taiz from 1948 to 1962. Yemen was admitted to the United Nations on 30 September 1947. A republican coup was launched against the government in 1962, leading to the North Yemen Civil War. The royalist government only controlled the northern portions of the country from 1962 to 1970, until a peace deal in 1970 saw it largely dissolved.

Three days after the Ottoman Empire's decision to withdraw from Yemen following the 1918 Armistice of Mudros, Imam Yahya, the religious leader of the region, entered Sana'a and declared himself the ruler of Yemen. After declaring his rule, he launched attacks on Aden, which was under the auspices of the British Empire, but the British repelled the attacks. He then suppressed the rebellions of the tribes in Southern Tihama, advanced towards the Emirate of Asir, and increased his legitimacy by making agreements with the Kingdom of Italy and the Soviet Union. In 1927, he again attacked the countries under the auspices of the British Empire, and these attacks also failed. In 1934, he signed a friendship treaty with the United Kingdom, promising not to attack Aden in exchange for border negotiations.……

Etymology

There are various sources about the etymology of Yemen. The term Yamnat is used in ancient South Arabian inscriptions to refer to the second Himyarite king. It is mentioned in the title of Shammar Yahrish. This term probably refers to the coastline between Aden and Hadhramaut.……

History

Background

In 1849, the Ottoman Empire conquered the Tihama region in order for the Zaydi imam to recognize Ottoman sovereignty and allow Ottoman forces to deploy to Sana'a.……

Imam Yahya period (1918–1948)

As the fronts turned into a stalemate in the First World War, Imam Yahya, the Zaydi imam of the time, became worried about what would happen to himself and Yemen.……

Politics

The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was a unitary state where absolute monarchy was implemented. The Zaydis, who were in power, had the understanding of imamate. Because of the understanding of imamate, Imams of Yemen were interested in politics until the 26 September Revolution.……

Foreign relations

The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was a member of international organizations such as Arab League (1945), United Nations (1947).……

Army

The Yemeni army consists of two parts: the Ground Forces and the Air Force. While some of the army was paid professional soldiers, the rest were tribal soldiers called in during wartime.

Land Forces

Since the Kingdom of Yemen was a relatively small country, and after the Ottoman withdrawal from Yemen in 1918, a lot of confusion occurred due to attempts to reform and develop the army without having a sufficient level of officers and doctrine.……

Geography

The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was an Asian country. The country, which remained in southwestern Arabia, had the Red Sea in the west, Saudi Arabia in the north, Aden Protectorate under British protection in the south, Aden Colony, Oman in the east, Bab-el-Mandeb strait in the southwest.……

Demographics

Religion

The Zaydis, followers of a branch of Shia Islam, have been politically and culturally dominant in Yemen for centuries and have continued to exist since they moved into the northern highlands of the Yemen region, which has a unique socio-cultural structure.……

Yemenite Jews

Judaism was the first Abrahamic religion to come to Yemen.……

Economy

Transportation

Transportation has always been challenging and long due to Yemen's deserts and mountainous terrain. Except for a few roads built by the Ottoman Empire after its arrival in Yemen, there were not many roads in the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen. The repair of these roads was usually done by prisoners of war or prisoners.……