罗伯特·科恰良

经历

1972年至1974年，在苏联军队服役。1975年至1976年，在斯捷潘纳克特和莫斯科的不同企业工作。1977年至1982年，就读于埃里温州理工学院电气工程系。1980年至1981年，在斯捷潘纳克特电气工程厂担任机械工程师。1981年至1985年，在康索莫尔联盟斯捷潘纳克特镇委员会担任不同职务，包括助理秘书职位。1986年，任苏联斯捷潘纳克特共产党镇委员会讲师。1987年至1989年，任卡拉巴赫苏维埃丝绸厂党组织负责人。

1988年，成为要求脱离阿塞拜疆苏维埃社会主义共和国和以后与亚美尼亚联合的阿拉赫运动的领导人，成为克鲁克集团成员，领导米苏姆组织。1989年至1995年，两次当选为亚美尼亚最高委员会代表和最高苏维埃主席团成员。1991年至1992年，纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫共和国最高联盟成立。

1992年至1994年，出任纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫第二任总理。1994年至1997年，出任纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫首任总统。1997年至1998年，担任亚美尼亚第六任总理。1998年至2008年，担任亚美尼亚第二任总统。

Robert Sedraki Kocharyan (Armenian: Ռոբերտ Սեդրակի Քոչարյան pronounced [rɔˈbɛɾt sɛtʰɾɑˈki kʰɔtʃʰɑɾˈjɑn]; born 31 August 1954) is an Armenian politician. He served as the President of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from 1994 to 1997 and Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh from 1992 to 1994. He served as the second President of Armenia between 1998 and 2008 and as Prime Minister of Armenia from 1997 to 1998.

Kocharyan was elected president of Armenia twice, in 1998 and 2003; both presidential elections were held in two rounds. During most of his presidency, between 2001 and 2007, Armenia's economy grew on average by 12% annually, largely due to a construction boom. While Kocharyan's supporters credit him with securing Armenia's economic growth during his presidency, his critics accuse him of promoting corruption and the creation of an oligarchic system of government in Armenia.

On 26 July 2018 Kocharyan was charged in connection with the crackdown on the 2008 Armenian presidential election protests in the final weeks of his presidency, which resulted in the deaths of ten people. Kocharyan's trial began on 13 May 2019. The trial ended in March 2021 after the Constitutional Court of Armenia declared unconstitutional the article of the criminal code under which Kocharyan was being tried.

Kocharyan returned to active participation in Armenian politics following the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020. He participated in the 2021 Armenian parliamentary election as the head of the Armenia Alliance with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and the Reborn Armenia party, which came in second place after Nikol Pashinyan's Civil Contract party and entered parliament as the opposition.

Early life and Nagorno-Karabakh war

Robert Kocharyan was born on 31 August 1954 in Stepanakert, capital of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. He received his secondary education in Stepanakert and served in the Soviet Army from 1972 to 1974. Kocharyan's career began as an engineer at Stepanakert's electro-technical plant in 1971.……

Prime Minister of Armenia

On 20 March 1997, Kocharyan left his post as President of the NKR when he was appointed Prime Minister of Armenia by President Levon Ter-Petrosyan.……

President of Armenia

After his predecessor Levon Ter-Petrosyan was ousted as President, Kocharyan was elected Armenia's second President on 30 March 1998, defeating his main rival, Karen Demirchyan (who was a former leader of Soviet Armenia), in an early presidential election marred by irregularities and violations by both sides as reported by international electoral observers.……

Post-presidency

Arrest

On 26 July 2018, the Special Investigative Service (SIS) of Armenia charged Kocharian with “overthrowing constitutional order of Armenia” during the final weeks of his presidency. The SIS asked a Yerevan court to remand him in pre-trial custody.

On 27 July 2018, he was arrested.……

Second Nagorno-Karabakh War and aftermath

During the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, Kocharyan met with fellow ex-presidents of Armenia Levon Ter-Petroysan and Serzh Sargsyan as well as ex-presidents of Nagorno-Karabakh Arkadi Ghukasyan and Bako Sahakyan to discuss the situation.……

Views

Robert Kocharyan has long supported Armenia's close ties with Russia and considers Vladimir Putin a friend and ally. In a 2019 article in Sputnik-Armenia, he praised Russia's emerging role in global politics and was harshly critical of what he described as a pro-Western government following the 2018 Armenian revolution:

Personal life

He and his wife, Bella Kocharyan, have three children: Sedrak, Gayane, and Levon, all of whom were born in Stepanakert. In addition to his native Armenian, Kocharyan speaks Russian and English.……

Awards and honors

• Republic of Artsakh:
• Hero of Artsakh
• Order of Gregory the Illuminator
• Medal "For the Liberation of Shushi"
• Georgia:
• Order of Honor
• Greece:
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer
• France:
• Knight Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
• Lebanon:
• Grand Cordon of the National Order of the Cedar
• Lithuania: