米歇尔·马尔泰利

生平

马尔泰利原是海地著名歌手和商人，他喜爱政治活动，不过无从政经验。马尔泰利承诺“改变”，较深得年轻人及城市草根阶层支持。在竞选活动中马氏承诺打击社会腐败、政府无能、增加就业，令选民抱有希望。最终，他在2011年4月以67%赢得总统选举。

马尔泰利在2016年2月7日卸任总统。因为海地政治分歧严重，总统大选被无限期延后，导致海地出现无总统执政的政治真空。按照马尔泰利卸任前数小时签署的协议，海地国会在2月14日清晨3时选出普利韦尔为临时总统，开始120日的过渡期，但是海地各方认为，这段时间并不足够组织总统选举。 2024 年 8 月，美国财政部对米歇尔·约瑟夫·马泰利实施制裁，理由是他涉嫌利用其影响力促进该国和美国的毒品贩运。

Michel Joseph Martelly (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl ʒozɛf maʁtɛli]; born 12 February 1961) is a Haitian musician and politician who served as the 47th president of Haiti from 2011 until the end of his term in 2016. On 20 August 2024, the United States sanctioned him for trafficking drugs, in particular, cocaine, into the United States, and for sponsoring several gangs based in Haiti.

Martelly was one of Haiti's best-known musicians for over a decade, going by the stage name Sweet Micky. For business and musical reasons, Martelly has moved a number of times between the United States and Haiti. When travelling to the United States, Martelly mostly stays in Florida. After his presidency, Martelly returned to his former band and sang a carnival méringue entitled "Bal Bannann nan" (Give Her the Banana), as a mocking response to Liliane Pierre Paul, a famous Haitian female journalist in Port-au-Prince.

As a singer and keyboardist, "Sweet Micky" is known for his Kompa music, a style of Haitian dance music sung predominantly in the Haitian Creole language, but he blended this with other styles. Martelly popularized a "new generation" of kompas with smaller bands relying on synthesizers and electronic instruments. From 1989 to 2008, Martelly recorded over a dozen studio albums and a number of live CDs. As a musician and club owner in Haiti in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Martelly became associated with the neo-Duvalierist Haitian military and police, including figures such as police chief Michel François, and he agreed with the 1991 Haitian coup d'état against Jean-Bertrand Aristide. In 1995, after Aristide had been restored to office, Martelly's name appeared on a hit list of coup supporters, and he stayed away from Haiti for almost a year.……

Early life

Martelly was born in Côtes-de-Fer, the son of Gerard Martelly, a Shell Oil executive and Marie Madeleine Martelly (née De Pradines, b. 1931 – d. 21 October 2016). On his mother's side, his grandfather Auguste de Pradines was a troubadour who wrote comic protest songs against the 1915–34 United States occupation of Haiti.……

Music

Martelly has been heralded as a pioneer of a unique genre of compas, a style of Haitian dance music sung predominantly in the Haitian Creole language. Originally, compas was the creation of Nemours Jean-Baptiste.……

Recording career

By 1988, Martelly's musical talent, stage craft, and his pattering style of compas had gained tremendous popularity at El Rancho Hotel and Casino and The Florville, another local venue.……

Political career

In 1992, Martelly played for free at a protest against the arrival of a UN representative charged with negotiating the return of Jean-Bertrand Aristide after the 1991 Haitian coup d'état. Martelly later explained, "I did not want Aristide back... You want me to be a de facto [supporter of the coup]. I'm a de facto. It's my right. It's my country.……

Canadian government sanctions against Martelly

On 17 November 2022, the Government of Canada imposed joint sanctions against Martelly and former Prime Ministers Laurent Lamothe and Jean Henry Ceant.……

U.S. Sanctions

In August 2024, the U.S. Treasury Department imposed sanctions on Martelly for allegedly using his influence to create "an environment allowing drug trafficking activities" and turning Haiti into "a transit point for illicit drugs entering the United States". The sanctions also include a ban on his travelling to the United States.

Personal life and later music career

Martelly divorced his first wife, an American citizen, in 1986.

Martelly has a brother, Girard, who served in the United States Armed Forces.

Martelly used to live in Haiti and held several homes in Palm Beach, Florida. He lived with his wife and former manager, Sophia Saint–Rémy, and their four children, Olivier, Sandro, Yani, and Malaika.……

Honours

Panama:

Collar of the Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero (February 18, 2014)

Taiwan:

Grand Cordon of the Order of Brilliant Jade (April 22, 2014)