约卡伊·莫尔

Móricz Jókay of Ásva [ˈmoːr ˈjoːkɒi] (18 February 1825 – 5 May 1904), known as Mór Jókai, was a Hungarian novelist, dramatist and revolutionary. Outside of Hungary, he was also known as Maurice Jókai or Maurus Jókai or Mauritius Jókai. He was a leader of the outbreak of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 in Pest. His romantic novels became widely popular among the elite of Victorian England, where he was often compared to Charles Dickens by the press. One of his most famous admirers was Queen Victoria herself.

Early life

He was born in Komárom in the Kingdom of Hungary to József Jókai of Ásva (1781–1837), a member of the Ásva branch of the ancient Jókay noble family; his mother was noblewoman Mária Pulay (1790–1856). As a boy, he was timid and his health delicate, so he was educated at home until the age of ten, when he was sent to Pozsony (today Bratislava, Slovakia). He then attended the Calvinist college of Pápa (Pápai Református Kollégium), where he first met Sándor Petőfi and Sándor Kozma.

When Jókai was twelve, his father died.……

Career

Jókai was bored by his work as a lawyer, and he was encouraged in his art by the praise the Hungarian Academy of Sciences gave his first play (Hungarian: Zsidó fiú, lit. 'Jewish Boy'). In 1845, he moved to Pest where Petőfi introduced him to literary circles. Within the year his first noted novel (Hungarian: Hétköznapok, lit. 'Working Days') was published as a serial by Pesti Divatlap, followed by a hardcover edition in 1846. It was received with widespread critical acclaim.……

Writings

Jókai was an extremely prolific writer, especially after 1870. He devoted most of his time to literature. Among the finest of his later works are Az arany ember ('A Man of Gold', translated into English under the title The Man with the Golden Touch), the most popular A kőszívű ember fiai (The Heartless Man's Sons), the heroic chronicle of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and A tengerszemű hölgy (Eyes like the Sea), the latter of which won the Hungarian Academy's prize in 1890.

Collected editions

Collections of his works:

Összes művei. Nemzeti (Jubileumi) Kiadás. (Complete Works, "National Edition") 1894-1898, 100 vols.

Hátrahagyott művei. (Late and Uncollected Works; the Sequel of the "National Edition") 1912, 10 vols.

Összes művei. Centenáriumi kiadás. (Complete Works, "Centenary Edition") 1925-1932, 100 vols.

Összes művei. Kritikai kiadás. (Complete Works, "Critical Edition") 1962-, in advance.

Works

Translated into English

Collections of short stories

Hungarian Sketches in Peace and War (Hungarian: Forradalmi- és csataképek, lit. 'Images of Revolution and Battle'), 1854. A selection translated by Imre Szabad.

Novels

Midst the Wild Carpathians (Hungarian: Erdély aranykora, lit. 'The Golden Age of Transylvania'), 1852. Transl. by R. Nisbet Bain in 1894, and again under the title The Golden Age in Transylvania by T. László Palotás in 2022.

The Slaves of the Padishah (Hungarian: Török világ Magyarországon, lit. 'Turkish World in Hungary'), 1852. Transl. by R. Nisbet Bain in 1902.

Selected filmography

The Hungarian Nabob, directed by Travers Vale (1915, based on the novel Egy magyar nábob)

Az aranyember, directed by Alexander Korda (1918, based on the novel The Man with the Golden Touch)

White Rose, directed by Alexander Korda (1919, based on the novel A fehér rózsa)

The Gypsy Baron, directed by Frederic Zelnik (1927, based on the operetta The Gypsy Baron)

The Gypsy Baron, directed by Karl Hartl (1935, based on the operetta The Gypsy Baron)

Az aranyember, directed by Béla Gaál (1936, based on the novel The Man with the Golden Touch)

Honors

On 1 February 1925, three stamps were issued by Hungary in his honor.