特拉勒斯的安提莫斯

Anthemius of Tralles

生卒: 474 年—534 年
出生地: Tralleis
去世地: 君士坦丁堡
国籍 / 所属: 拜占庭帝国
身份: 建筑师、工程师、物理学家、数学家、雕塑家
父亲: Stephanus of Tralles
代表作: 阿亚索菲亚
本名: Ἀνθέμιος
原文名: Ἀνθέμιος ὁ Τραλλιανός
简述: ancient Greek scientist and architect

特拉勒斯的安提莫斯（希腊语：Ἀνθέμιος από τις Τράλλεις；英语：Anthemius of Tralles，474年－558年）是希腊籍君士坦丁堡的几何学教授及建筑师，他受查士丁尼一世之命与米利都的伊西多尔合作兴建圣索菲亚大教堂。安提莫斯出身自书香世家，是物理学家特拉莫斯的斯特藩努斯五个儿子之一。在他的兄弟当中，狄奥斯科鲁斯在特拉勒斯承继了父亲的衣钵；亚历山大在罗马成为了当时最有名的医学家；奥林皮尔斯深谙罗马法学；而梅特罗多勒斯则是君士坦丁堡出色的语法学家。

作为建筑师，他最著名的是在532年君士坦丁堡重建旧圣索菲亚大教堂。他对建造教堂的大胆计划一度突出了他的知识与无知，他又涉足工程，曾在达拉修建防洪设施。

安提莫斯同时是一位出色的数学家，他解构了椭圆弦线，写了一本关于圆锥曲线的著作，为日后建造圣索菲亚大教堂复杂的拱形结构奠下基础。他又在他的著作里编纂了一个关于医疗设备镜子构造的研究，为阿拉伯数学家所识，如海什木。

正文摘自中文维基百科「特拉勒斯的安提莫斯」（删去了参考文献、表格和图片），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用

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中文维基百科这一条比较短，下面是英文维基百科同一条目的节选，原文为英文，未翻译。

Anthemius of Tralles (Ancient Greek: Ἀνθέμιος ὁ Τραλλιανός, Medieval Greek: [anˈθemios o traliaˈnos], Anthémios o Trallianós; c. 474 – 533 x 558) was a Byzantine Greek from Tralles who worked as a geometer and architect in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. With Isidore of Miletus, he designed the Hagia Sophia for Justinian I.

Life

Anthemius was one of the five sons of Stephanus of Tralles, a physician. His brothers were Dioscorus, Alexander, Olympius, and Metrodorus. Dioscorus followed his father's profession in Tralles; Alexander did so in Rome and became one of the most celebrated medical men of his time; Olympius became a noted lawyer; and Metrodorus worked as a grammarian in Constantinople.

Anthemius was said to have annoyed his neighbor Zeno in two ways: first, by engineering a miniature earthquake by sending steam through leather tubes he had fixed among the joists and flooring of Zeno's parlor while he was entertaining friends and, second, by simulating thunder and lightning and flashing intolerable light into Zeno's eyes from a slightly hollowed mirror. In addition to his familiarity with steam, some dubious authorities credited Anthemius with a knowledge of gunpowder or other explosive compound.

Mathematics

Anthemius was a capable mathematician. In the course of his treatise On Burning Mirrors, he intended to facilitate the construction of surfaces to reflect light to a single point, he described the string construction of the ellipse and assumed a property of ellipses not found in Apollonius of Perga's Conics: the equality of the angles subtended at a focus by two tangents drawn from a point. His work also includes the first practical use of the directrix: having given the focus and a double ordinate, he used the focus and directrix to obtain any number of points on a parabola. This work was later known to Arab mathematicians such as Alhazen.

Eutocius of Ascalon's commentary on Apollonius's Conics was dedicated to Anthemius.

Architecture

As an architect, Anthemius is best known for his work designing the Hagia Sophia. He was commissioned with Isidore of Miletus by Justinian I shortly after the earlier church on the site burned down in 532 but died early on in the project. He is also said to have repaired the flood defenses at Daras.