肖洛姆-阿莱汉姆

Sholem Aleichem

生卒: 1859 年 2 月 18 日—1916 年 5 月 13 日（日期为儒略历）
出生地: 佩雷亚斯拉夫
去世地: 纽约
国籍 / 所属: 美国、俄罗斯帝国
身份: 作家、剧作家、小说家、幽默家、电影编剧、satirical novelist
子女: Marie Waife、Sarah Rabinovich
代表作: Motl, Peysi the Cantor's Son、Menahem-Mendl、Stempenyu: A Jewish Novel、Wandering Stars、Tevye the Milkman、It's Hard to be a Jew、The Bloody Hoax、Scattered Far and Wide
本名: Шолом Нохумович Рабинович
原文名: שלום עליכם
领域: 戏剧、第绪语文学、creative and professional writing
死因: 结核病
简述: 意第绪语作家及剧作家

肖洛姆·诺胡莫维奇·拉比诺维奇（俄语：Соломон Наумович (Шо́лом Но́хумович) Рабинович，1859年3月2日—1916年5月13日），以其笔名肖洛姆-阿莱汉姆（意第绪语：שלום־עליכם，俄语和乌克兰语：Шолом-Алейхем，又译沙勒姆·亚拉克姆）著称，是意第绪语作家及剧作家。他生于乌克兰佩列亚斯拉夫，1906年后定居美国。主要作品长篇小说《斯杰姆别纽》、《莺喉伊奥谢列》、书信体小说《美纳汉·曼德尔》、中篇小说《卖牛奶的台维》和《莫吐儿》等，及300多部短篇和戏剧作品，代表作有《屋顶上的提琴手》。

其笔名是一句犹太人的见面问候语，意为“愿你平安”，与阿拉伯语的“色兰”是同源词。

正文摘自中文维基百科「肖洛姆-阿莱汉姆」（删去了参考文献、表格和图片），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用

英文维基百科的更多内容

中文维基百科这一条比较短，下面是英文维基百科同一条目的节选，原文为英文，未翻译。

Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich or Solomon Naumovych Rabinovych (2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1859 – May 13, 1916), better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem, was a Ukrainian Jewish author and playwright who wrote in Yiddish and lived in the Russian Empire and later the United States. The 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, based on Aleichem's stories about Tevye the Dairyman, was the first commercially successful English-language stage production about Jewish life in Eastern Europe.

The Hebrew phrase שלום עליכם (shalom aleichem) literally means "[May] peace [be] upon you!", and is a greeting in traditional Hebrew and Yiddish.

Biography

Solomon Naumovich (Sholom Nohumovich) Rabinovich (Russian: Соломо́н Нау́мович (Шо́лом Но́хумович) Рабино́вич) was born in 1859 in Pereiaslav and grew up in the nearby shtetl of Voronkiv, in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine). (Voronkiv has become the prototype of Aleichem's Kasrilevka.) His father, Nokhem Rabinovich (Nokhim Volko's Rabinovich;……

Literary career

Like his contemporaries Mendele Mocher Sforim, I. L. Peretz, and Jacob Dinezon, Sholem Rabinovitch started writing in Hebrew, as well as in Russian. In 1883, when he was 24 years old, he published his first Yiddish story Yiddish: צוויי שטיינער, romanized: Tsvey Shteyner, using the pseudonym Sholem Aleichem for the first time.

Critical reception

Sholem Aleichem's narratives were notable for the naturalness of his characters' speech and the accuracy of his descriptions of shtetl life. Early critics focused on the cheerfulness of the characters, interpreted as a way of coping with adversity. Later critics saw a tragic side in his writing.……

Beliefs and activism

Sholem Aleichem was an impassioned advocate of Yiddish as a national Jewish language, which he felt should be accorded the same status and respect as other modern European languages. He did not stop with what came to be called "Yiddishism", but devoted himself to the cause of Zionism as well. Many of his writings present the Zionist case. In 1888, he became a member of Lovers of Zion.……

Death

Sholem Aleichem died in New York on May 13, 1916, from tuberculosis and diabetes, aged 57, while working on his last novel, Motl, Peysi the Cantor's Son, and was buried at Old Mount Carmel cemetery in Queens. At the time, his funeral was one of the largest in New York City history, with an estimated 100,000 mourners.……

Commemoration and legacy

Sholem Aleichem's will contained detailed instructions to family and friends with regard to burial arrangements and marking his yahrtzeit.

Works

English-language collections

Tevye's Daughters: Collected Stories of Sholom Aleichem by Sholem Aleichem, transl Frances Butwin, illus Ben Shahn, NY: Crown, 1949. The stories which form the basis for Fiddler on the Roof.

Inside Kasrilovka, Three Stories, translated by I. Goldstick, Schocken Books, 1948 (variously reprinted)