比尔吉特·尼尔森

Birgit Nilsson

艺术与音乐欧洲 20 世纪

生卒: 1918 年 5 月 17 日—2005 年 12 月 25 日
出生地: Västra Karup
去世地: Bjärlöv
国籍 / 所属: 瑞典
身份: 歌剧演员
本名: Märta Birgit Nilsson
原文名: Märta Birgit Nilsson
宗教: 路德教会
就读: 英国皇家音乐学院
简述: 瑞典女高音歌唱家

梅尔塔·比尔吉特·尼尔森（瑞典语：Märta Birgit Nilsson；1918年5月17日—2005年12月25日）是一位瑞典歌剧女高音。生于瑞典南部斯科讷省，她是二战后（从50年代末到80年代中引退）瓦格纳女高音的代表人物。

详细介绍

职业生涯

1946年在斯德哥尔摩上演的歌剧自由射手中，尼尔森扮演女主角阿伽特。那是她的首演。1947年同样是在斯德哥尔摩，她扮演的麦克白夫人引起轰动。1954年她首次登台维也纳国家歌剧院。

1959年她在纽约的大都会歌剧院中，演唱了伊索尔德。当时她的演唱征服了整个北美洲。

在各大歌剧院都可看到尼尔森的身影，诸如慕尼黑、东京、巴黎、布宜诺斯艾利斯、芝加哥、旧金山和汉堡。1954到1970年间她年年登台拜罗伊特音乐节，其中《尼伯龙根的指环》中布伦希尔德和伊索尔德是她最成功的角色。1969年她在维罗纳竞技场里饰演的图兰多特和1973年在法国南部奥林奇古圆形露天剧场中（卡尔·伯姆指挥，琼·维克斯饰特里斯坦）饰演的伊索尔特引起了巨大轰动。

比尔吉特·尼尔森是维也纳爱乐管弦乐团的荣誉成员。

据瑞典《Expressen》和《Svenska Dagbladet》报道，比尔吉特·尼尔森于2005年12月25日圣诞节当天于她瑞典南部Bjärlöv的家中逝世，但死讯直到2006年1月11日，即在她出生地Västra Karup举行过葬礼后方才向外界公开。尼尔森长期忍受心脏、肾脏疾患。她在双亲的墓旁被下葬。但进一步的细节并未清楚。

尼尔森于1948年与兽医Bertil Niklasson结婚。夫妇两人并未育有儿女。

正文摘自中文维基百科「比尔吉特·尼尔森」（删去了参考文献、表格和图片），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用

英文维基百科的更多内容

中文维基百科这一条比较短，下面是英文维基百科同一条目的节选，原文为英文，未翻译。

Märta Birgit Nilsson (17 May 1918 – 25 December 2005) was a Swedish dramatic soprano renowned for her exceptional vocal stamina and powerful voice, with its gleaming brilliance and clarity in the upper register. Although she sang a wide repertoire of operatic and vocal works, Nilsson was best known for her performances of Richard Wagner, particularly as Isolde in Tristan und Isolde and Brünnhilde in Der Ring des Nibelungen, and the title roles of Richard Strauss's Salome and Giacomo Puccini's Turandot. After her debut at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm in 1946, she established an international career at leading opera houses, including the Vienna State Opera, New York's Metropolitan Opera, and La Scala.

Biography

Early life

Birgit Nilsson was born Märta Birgit Svensson on a farm at Västra Karup in Skåne (100 km/60 miles north of Malmö) to Nils Svensson and Justina Svensson (née Paulsson). When she was three years old she began picking out melodies on a toy piano her mother bought for her. She once told an interviewer that she could sing before she could walk, adding, "I even sang in my dreams". Her vocal talent was first noticed when she began to sing in her church choir. A choirmaster near her home heard her sing and advised her to take voice lessons.

She studied with Ragnar Blennow in Åstorp for six months to prepare for an audition at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in Stockholm where she came in first out of a group of 47 singers and was awarded the Christina Nilsson scholarship named for the famous soprano. Her teachers at the academy were Joseph Hislop and Arne Sunnegårdh. However, she considered herself self-taught: "The best teacher is the stage", she told an interviewer in 1981.……

Early career

In 1946, Nilsson made her debut at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm with only three days' notice, replacing the ailing singer scheduled for the role of Agathe in Carl Maria von Weber's Der Freischütz.……

Legacy

Three years after Nilsson's death, in December 2008, the Birgit Nilsson Foundation announced that it would award a prize every two to three years to a concert or opera singer, a classical or opera conductor, or a specific production by an opera company. The prize was funded by Nilsson herself. The foundation said that Nilsson had chosen the first winner, to be announced in early 2009.

On 20 February 2009, Spanish tenor Plácido Domingo was announced as the inaugural recipient of the prize, which carried with it a cash award of $1,000,000. The first award ceremony took place in the Royal Swedish Opera on 13 October 2009. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden personally presented the prize to the designated winner. A jury has been set up by the foundation to make recommendations for future prizes. The second winner of the Birgit Nilsson prize was Riccardo Muti, who received the award in Stockholm on 13 October 2011. On 9 April 2014 it was announced that the third recipient of the prize would be the Vienna Philharmonic.