阿道弗·苏亚雷斯

政治生涯

1975年11月20日，统治36年来的佛朗哥将军去世，阿道弗·苏亚雷斯宣布完全支持在西班牙实行民主政治，并与反对派中的温和派保持着频繁的联系，为民主转型的第一阶段做计划。胡安·卡洛斯一世访问美国期间，坦率宣布他支持在西班牙重建民主。最终在1976年7月，由于阿里亚斯·纳瓦罗拒绝改革并反对民主化，胡安·卡洛斯一世要求他辞职，苏亚雷斯随即获委任为首相。

首相

1976年7月5日，苏亚雷斯获委任为首相，他随即推动恢复民主政治，推动政治改革法，通过了议会表决和全民公决，在西班牙建立自由民主体制的制宪进程。7月，他宣布赦免400名政治犯。1977年3月又宣布了一次赦免，进而在5月宣布大赦。1976年12月，佛朗哥时代的秘密警察Tribunal de Orden Público (TOP)被解散。1977年3月，罢工合法化，4月，结社自由化。新的选举法在1977年3月采用，新的选举法使得西班牙的选举系统与其他自由的议会民主制国家相同。

1977年6月，进行41年来首次大选，选举出新的议会。这届议会将被委以制定民主宪法的重任，苏亚雷兹领导的联盟取得胜利，他成为首位民选首相。

Adolfo Suárez González, 1st Duke of Suárez (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðolfo ˈswaɾeθ]; 25 September 1932 – 23 March 2014), was a Spanish lawyer and politician who was Prime Minister of Spain from 1976 to 1981. He was the country's first democratically elected prime minister since Juan Negrín of the Second Spanish Republic and a key figure in the country's transition to democracy after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.

When Spain was still an autocratic regime, he was appointed prime minister by King Juan Carlos in 1976. At the time of his appointment, he was not a well-known figure, making many political forces skeptical of his government. However, he oversaw the end of the Francoist Cortes, and the legalisation of all political parties (including the Communist Party of Spain, a particularly difficult move). He led the Union of the Democratic Centre and won the 1977 general election. In 1981, he resigned and founded the party Democratic and Social Centre (CDS), which was elected to the Cortes numerous times. He retired from politics in 1991 and from public life in 2003, due to Alzheimer's disease.

Early life

Adolfo Suárez González was born on 25 September 1932 in Cebreros in the Province of Ávila of Spain, the eldest son of Hipólito Suárez Guerra, a lawyer, and Herminia González Prados. Both of his parents supported the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War. At the age of 18, Suárez was president of the Ávila chapter of Catholic Action. He studied law at the University of Salamanca, after which he took a job at the municipal government of Ávila in 1955. He subsequently became a member of Opus Dei, and obtained a doctorate at the Central University of Madrid. He also worked briefly as a porter at Madrid's Atocha railway station.

Political career

Early career

In 1958, Suárez became the personal secretary of Fernando Herrero Tejedor, the newly appointed civil governor of Ávila. When Tejedor was made deputy secretary-general of the Movimiento Nacional in 1961, Suárez became his chef de cabinet. He gradually rose through the ranks of the Movimiento. In 1965, Suárez was appointed programme director of the state broadcaster Radio y Televisión Española (RTVE). In 1967, he was elected to the Francoist Cortes. In 1968, Suárez was promoted to civil governor and provincial head of the Movimiento in Segovia. In 1969, he was made director general of RTVE. Under this capacity, he became a close friend to future king Prince Juan Carlos.

Premiership

In July 1976, King Juan Carlos requested the resignation of Arias.……

Personal life

Family

Suárez married María del Amparo Illana Elórtegui in 1961. She died from cancer on 17 May 2001. Their eldest daughter, María del Amparo ("Mariam") Suárez Illana (1962–2004), died of breast cancer on 6 March 2004, following an 11-year illness. Both of her younger sisters also suffered from the same illness. She was the mother of two children, Alejandra Romero Suárez (born 1990), herself the current holder of her grandfather's dukedom, and Fernando Romero Suárez (born 1993).

Suárez's youngest daughter, María Sonsoles Suárez Illana (born 1967), worked for Antena 3 as a news anchor. From 1992 to 1994 she was married to José María Martínez-Bordiú y Bassó de Roviralta (a nephew of Cristóbal Martínez-Bordiú, the son-in-law of Francisco Franco);……

Sexual abuse allegations

In December 2025 a woman accused Suárez of sexual abuse between 1982–1985, beginning when she was seventeen and still a minor, and Suárez was about fifty.……

Honours

Decorations

National

Spain

1,193rd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (8 June 2007).

Collar of the Order of Charles III (Posthumously) (24 March 2014).

Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III (23 June 1978).

Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (29 September 1973).

Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (18 July 1969).

Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise (1 April 1970).

Commander's Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise (1 April 1967).

Grand Cross of the Order of Naval Merit (1 April 1972).

Grand Cross of the Order of Cisneros (18 July 1972).

Grand Cross of the Order of the Yoke and the Arrows (4 July 1975).

Grand Cross of the Military Merit with White Decoration (14 September 1970).

Foreign

Portugal:

Awards

Gold Medal of Segovia (17 November 1969).