拉科西·马加什

Mátyás Rákosi

生卒: 1892 年 3 月 9 日—1971 年 2 月 5 日
出生地: 阿达
去世地: 下诺夫哥罗德
国籍 / 所属: 匈牙利
身份: 政治人物
职位: 匈牙利总理、匈牙利国会议员、member of the Provisional National Assembly、member of the HWP Central Directorate Resolution
配偶: Feodora Feodorovna Kornilova
本名: Rosenfeld Mátyás
原文名: Rákosi Mátyás
宗教: 无神论
简述: 前匈牙利劳动人民党中央委员会第一书记

拉科西·马加什（匈牙利语：Rákosi Mátyás；1892年3月9日—1971年2月5日），匈牙利共产主义政治人物，1945年—1956年为匈牙利的实际最高领导人，是匈牙利人民共和国的缔造者，曾任匈牙利劳动人民党第一书记。人称“匈牙利的斯大林”。1892年，生于现位于塞尔维亚境内的巴奇考地区奥道乡；1971年，去世于苏联高尔基。

他是一个坚定的斯大林主义者，1923年作为共产国际代表在德国从事革命活动。先后任党的总书记、第一书记、国防委员会主席，1952年兼任匈牙利总理，集党政军大权于一身。为1949年以后占上风的教条主义和宗派主义错误的主要代表人物。1953年斯大林死后，在苏联新任领导人赫鲁晓夫干涉下被迫将总理的位置让给具有改革思想的纳吉·伊姆雷。但拉科西仍任党的第一书记，1955年时他将纳吉赶下台。由于长期坚持斯大林主义，拉科西大失人心。1956年7月匈牙利劳动人民党中央全会，确认了1955年党的领导重犯了1953年6月以前的部分错误，决定解除拉科西·马加什的领导职务。匈牙利事件爆发，拉科西遂离开布达佩斯流亡苏联，之后一直侨居苏联直至逝世。

正文摘自中文维基百科「拉科西·马加什」（删去了参考文献、表格和图片），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用

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中文维基百科这一条比较短，下面是英文维基百科同一条目的节选，原文为英文，未翻译。

Mátyás Rákosi (né Rosenfeld; 9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian communist politician who was the de facto leader of Hungary from 1948 to 1956. He served first as General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party from 1945 to 1948 and then as General Secretary (later renamed First Secretary) of the Hungarian Working People's Party from 1948 to 1956. Mátyás Rákosi was the chief architect of the laws that confiscated the property of various churches in Hungary, as well as the mass deportations to Hungarian forced labor camps, such as Hortobágy and Recsk forced labor camps.

Rákosi had been involved in left-wing politics since his youth, and in 1919 was a leading commissar in the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic. After the fall of the Communist government, he escaped the country and worked abroad as an agent of the Comintern. He was arrested in 1924 after attempting to return to Hungary and organize the Communist Party underground, and ultimately spent over fifteen years in prison. He became a cause célèbre in the international Communist movement, and the predominantly Hungarian Rákosi Battalion of the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War bore his name. Rákosi was finally allowed to leave for the Soviet Union in 1940 in exchange for prized battle flags captured by Tsarist Russian forces after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.

As the Red Army drove the German Wehrmacht out of Hungary at the end of World War II, Rákosi returned to his home country in early 1945 and became the leader of the re-founded Hungarian Communist Party. The party suffered a crushing defeat in Hungary's postwar free election, at the hands of the agrarian Independent Smallholders' Party;……

Early years

Rákosi was born in Ada, a village in Bács-Bodrog County in the Kingdom of Hungary (now a town in Vojvodina, Serbia). Born to Jewish parents, the fourth son of József Rosenfeld, a grocer, his mother Cecília Léderer would give birth to seven more children.……

Early career

After returning to Hungary, he participated in the communist movement of Béla Kun and also joined the Party of Communists in Hungary.……

Leader of Hungary

When the Red Army set up a Soviet-approved government in Hungary (1944–1945), Rákosi was appointed General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party (MKP) (1945). He was a member of the High National Council from 27 September to 7 December 1945.……