米洛·久卡诺维奇

政治生涯

曾经在1991年－1998年、2003年－2006年、2008年－2010年、2012年－2016年担任黑山总理，在1998年－2002年、2018年－2023年担任黑山总统。

他原先与塞尔维亚总统米洛塞维奇关系密切。1996年，久卡诺维奇政府宣布和米洛塞维奇掌权的塞尔维亚断绝关系。之后久卡诺维奇即支持黑山独立于南斯拉夫联盟共和国。2006年5月21日黑山举行公民投票，独派以55.5%的微弱优势险胜，6月3日，黑山国会正式宣布独立，黑山因而成为欧洲最新的独立国家，并且恢复其在第一次世界大战之前的独立地位。

在2023年黑山总统选举中久卡诺维奇以仅41.12%的得票率败给雅科夫·米拉托维奇。

争议

久卡诺维奇在1998年至2023年出任黑山社会主义者民主党党首期间，利用宪法漏洞，多次出任总统及总理职位，大权在握，他的家族及政府高层官员多次被指控贪污，令民众不满情绪升温。

Milo Đukanović (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Мило Ђукановић, pronounced [mǐːlo dʑǔkanoʋitɕ] ; born 15 February 1962) is a Montenegrin politician who served as the president of Montenegro from 1998 to 2002 and from 2018 to 2023. He also served as the Prime Minister of Montenegro (1991–1998, 2003–2006, 2008–2010 and 2012–2016) and was the long-term president of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, originally the Montenegrin branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, which governed Montenegro alone or in a coalition from the introduction of multi-party politics in the early 1990s until its defeat in the 2020 parliamentary election. He is the longest-ruling contemporary politician in Europe, having held key positions in the country for over 33 years. However, he was defeated by the 36-year-old centrist former economy minister, Jakov Milatović, after the presidential run-off held on 2 April 2023.

When Đukanović first emerged on the political scene, he was a close ally of Slobodan Milošević during the anti-bureaucratic revolution (1988–1989) and the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia (1991–1992). His cabinet actively participated in the siege of Dubrovnik (1991–1992). Đukanović supported Momir Bulatović's agreement on Lord Carrington's terms, which resulted in the 1992 Montenegrin independence referendum, where voters decided to remain in FR Yugoslavia. In 1996, however, Đukanović distanced himself from Milošević and the federal government, abandoning the traditional joint Serbian and Montenegrin vision in favour of Montenegrin nationalism, which supported state independence and a separate Montenegrin identity. That led to the division of the party and the split of Bulatović's pro-unionist faction.……

Early life

Đukanović was born in Nikšić on 15 February 1962, to Radovan and Stana Đukanović (née Maksimović). His given name is derived from that of a paternal relative who had fought alongside Đukanović's grandfather, Blažo, during World War I; the name was selected by Đukanović's paternal grandmother. Đukanović's paternal ancestors, members of the Ozrinići tribe who hailed from the village of Čevo, had settled in the Nikšić area following the Battle of Vučji Do in 1876.……

Political career

Early activism

In 1979, while still in high school, Đukanović joined the Yugoslav Communist League (SKJ), the only officially allowed political party in communist Yugoslavia's one-party political system. His father, Radovan, was already an influential member within the party's Montenegrin branch, which initially opened many doors for him. By 1986, he was a member of the presidency of the League of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia, Montenegrin branch, as well as a member of the presidency of its federal-level parent organization.

First three terms as Prime Minister of Montenegro (1991–1998)

The 1990 Montenegrin parliamentary election in early December resulted in a remarkable victory for the League of Communists of Montenegro, which won 83 parliamentary seats out of the total 125.……

Controversies

Allegations of tobacco smuggling

In July 2003, the prosecutor's office in Naples linked Đukanović with an organised crime racket worth billions of euros. Đukanović called a press conference in Podgorica to deny the allegations as a "loathsome political trick", aimed at criminalising him and his country. Djukanovic has long been dogged by suspicions that he was involved in tobacco smuggling in Italy.

On 16 April 2003, the Judge for Preliminary Inquiries in Naples rejected the Antimafia Commission's request for a warrant for Đukanović's arrest, claiming him to be immune from arrest as Prime Minister of Montenegro.……

Legacy

The term milogorac (pl. milogorci; Serbian Cyrillic: милогорац, pl. милогорци), an ethnophaulism referring to anti-Serb Montenegrin nationalists, is a portmanteau of Đukanović's first name and crnogorac, the neutral word for a Montenegrin in Serbo-Croatian.

Honours and awards

Albanian National Flag Order received on 12 July 2016.

Collar of the National Order of Merit of Paraguay on 23 December 2018.

Grand Cross of the Order of San Marino received on 4 March 2022.