卡洛·鲁比亚

生平

鲁比亚在比萨大学和比萨高等师范学校学习物理。 他于1957年与Marcello Conversi一起毕业于宇宙射线实验专业。 1958年从比萨大学获得意大利博士学位（Laurea）。

奖项和荣誉

1984年12月，被提名为Cavaliere di Gran Croce 意大利共和国勋章(OMRI)。[16]

2013年8月30日，被总统乔治·纳波利塔诺任命为共和国参议院的终身参议员。

共有27个荣誉学位。

小行星8398 Rubbia以他的名字命名。 他当选为1984年皇家学会外国会员（ForMemRS）。

2015年9月，担任中国矿业大学可持续能源研究院院长。

2016年1月，获得2015年度中华人民共和国国际科学技术合作奖。

Carlo Rubbia (Italian: [ˈkaɾlo ˈrubbja]; born 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN.

Early life and education

Rubbia was born in 1934 in Gorizia, an Italian town on the border with Slovenia. His family moved to Venice then Udine because of wartime disruption. His father was an electrical engineer and encouraged him to study the same, though he stated his wish to study physics. In the local countryside, he collected and experimented with abandoned military communications equipment. After taking an entrance exam for the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa to study physics, he failed to get into the required top ten (coming eleventh), so began an engineering course in Milan in 1953. Soon after, a Pisa student dropped out, presenting Rubbia with his opportunity. He gained a degree and doctorate in a relatively short time with a thesis on cosmic ray experimentation; his adviser was Marcello Conversi. At Pisa, he met his future wife, Marisa, also a physics student.

Career and research

Columbia University

Following his degree, Rubbia went to the United States to do postdoctoral research, where he spent about one and a half years at Columbia University performing experiments on the decay and the nuclear capture of muons. This was the first of a long series of experiments that Rubbia has performed in the field of weak interactions and which culminated in the Nobel Prize-winning work at CERN.

CERN

He moved back to Europe for a placement at the University of Rome before joining the newly founded CERN in 1960, where he worked on experiments on the structure of weak interactions. CERN had just commissioned a new type of accelerator, the Intersecting Storage Rings, using counter-rotating beams of protons colliding against each other. Rubbia and his collaborators conducted experiments there, again studying the weak force. The main results in this field were the observation of the structure in the elastic scattering process and the first observation of the charmed baryons. These experiments were crucial in order to perfect the techniques needed later for the discovery of more exotic particles in a different type of particle collider.

In 1976, he suggested adapting CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to collide protons and antiprotons in the same ring – the Proton-Antiproton Collider. Using Simon van der Meers technology of stochastic cooling, the Antiproton Accumulator was also built. The collider started running in 1981 and, in early 1983, an international team of more than 100 physicists headed by Rubbia and known as the UA1 Collaboration, detected the intermediate vector bosons, the W and Z bosons, which had become a cornerstone of modern theories of elementary particle physics long before this direct observation. They carry the weak force that causes radioactive decay in the atomic nucleus and controls the combustion of the Sun, just as photons, massless particles of light, carry the electromagnetic force which causes most physical and biochemical reactions. The weak force also plays a fundamental role in the nucleosynthesis of the elements, as studied in theories of stars evolution.……

Personal life

Rubbia has two children from his wife Marisa. Rubbia is openly a Christian believer, as he stated in his 1987 book The Temptation to Believe. He is also a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

Awards and honours

In December 1984, Rubbia was nominated Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI. On 30 August 2013, Rubbia was appointed to the Senate of Italy as a Senator for Life by President Giorgio Napolitano. On 8 January 2016, he was awarded with the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Award by the People's Republic of China. Asteroid 8398 Rubbia is named in his honour. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1984. Also in 1984, Rubbia received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.