约恩·乌松

生平

直到18岁，他还考虑去当一名海军军官。1937年，19岁的乌松顺利进入丹麦皇家艺术学院建筑系，师从于施泰因·埃勒·拉斯姆森（Steen Eiler Rasmussen）和卡伊·菲斯科尔（Kay Fisker），两位总恩师均为丹麦建筑界的领军人物，而且也都是中国迷，其中，拉斯姆森还曾在北京设计过热电站。乌松耳濡目染，接触了大量中国艺术文化，不知不觉影响了自己的建筑观念。

1942年毕业于丹麦皇家建筑艺术学院。

第二次世界大战爆发后逃往瑞典斯德哥尔摩，并受雇于瑞典建筑大师阿斯普朗德（Erik Gunnar Asplunde）的建筑事务所。

乌松在瑞典整整工作了3年。尔后便去了芬兰首都赫尔辛基，和芬兰首屈一指的现代主义建筑大师阿尔瓦·阿尔托（Alvar Aalto）一道工作。阿尔托比乌松年长20岁，早已功成名就，名满天下。和阿尔托的合作给看作是乌松创作阶段进一步发展的重要时期，加深了乌松对有机建筑的理解。尽管这样，乌松仍觉得自己不够充实，仿佛只有周游世界，从不同国家、不同民族的建筑中汲取养料，才是最直接有效的学习方法。

1957年，乌松在悉尼歌剧院的设计方案竞标中意外获选，由于其设计理念大胆前卫，加上开支严重超出预算而受到多方质疑，他被迫于1966年辞去总设计师职位，由一位澳大利亚设计师接任。其继任人依然延续乌松的风格。悉尼歌剧院建成后，成为了澳大利亚的标志性建筑，并于2007年获列为世界文化遗产。

乌松一生还设计过不少建筑名作，荣获过普利兹克等奖项。

2008年，乌松在接连做了几次手术之后，在睡梦中心脏病发逝世。

约恩·乌松一生的辉煌只有一次，但这一次已是传奇。 ——丹麦建筑师协会

Jørn Oberg Utzon (Danish: [ˈjɶɐ̯ˀn ˈut.sʌn]; 9 April 1918 – 29 November 2008) was a Danish architect. In 1957, he won an international design competition for his design of the Sydney Opera House in Australia. Utzon's revised design, which he completed in 1961, was the basis for the landmark, although it was not completed until 1973.

When the Sydney Opera House was declared a World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007, Utzon became only the second person to have received such recognition for one of his works during his lifetime, after Oscar Niemeyer. Other noteworthy works include Bagsværd Church near Copenhagen and the National Assembly Building in Kuwait. He also made important contributions to housing design, especially with his Kingo Houses near Helsingør.

Utzon attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (1937–42) and was influenced early on by Gunnar Asplund and Alvar Aalto.

Early life and career

Utzon was born in Copenhagen, the son of a naval architect, and grew up in Aalborg, Denmark, where he became interested in ships and a possible naval career.……

Architectural approach

Utzon had a Nordic sense of concern for nature which, in his design, emphasized the synthesis of form, material and function for social values. His fascination with the architectural legacies of the ancient Mayas, the Islamic world, China, and Japan also informed his practice.……

Sydney Opera House

In 1957, Utzon unexpectedly won the competition to design the Sydney Opera House. His submission was one of 233 designs from 32 countries, many of them from the most famous architects of the time.……

Works in Denmark

While some of Utzon's most notable works are spread around the globe, he was most prolific in his native Denmark, whose landscape inspired him more than any other.……

Other works

Kuwait's National Assembly Building, completed in 1982, stands on the sea front with (in Utzon's words) "haze and white light and an untidy town behind." Benefiting from an understanding of Islamic architecture, Utzon designed a building consisting of a covered square, a parliamentary chamber, a conference hall, and a mosque.……

Later life

On his return from Australia in 1966, Utzon made a stop on Mallorca. Fascinated by the island, he decided to build a summer house there on the top of a cliff near the fishing village of Portopetro.……

Buildings and projects

• Major built projects
• Water tower in Svaneke, Bornholm, Denmark, 1952
• Architect's own house, Hellebæk, Denmark, 1952
• House in Holte, Denmark, 1953
• Kingo Houses, Helsingør, Denmark 1956–59
• Elineberg Housing, Helsingborg, Sweden, 1966
• Planetstaden housing project in Lund, Sweden, 1957–58

Written works

• Books
• Journal articles

Jørn Utzon and Tobias Faber, Tendenser i nutidens arkitektur, Arkitektur, Copenhagen, 1947 (in Danish)

Jørn Utzon, Additiv arkitektur, Arkitektur, Copenhagen 1970, No. 1 (in Danish)

Jørn Utzon, Platforms and Plateaus: Ideas of a Danish Architect, Zodiac 10, Milan 1962

Awards and recognition

Utzon was bestowed an Honorary Fellowship of the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA) in 1970 for his distinguished achievements as a foreign architect. On 17 May 1985, he was made an Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia (AC). He was given the Keys to the City of Sydney in 1998.……

Influence

According to Kenneth Frampton, Utzon's architectural influence is manifest on three levels: the emphasis given to the roof element, the importance given to the grounding of the building, and the commitment to "the cultural validity of organic growth".……