费利佩·冈萨雷斯

生平

1942年出生在塞维利亚市的一个放牧雇工家庭，1962年加入社会主义青年团，1964年加入工人社会党，1966年毕业于塞维利亚大学法律系。

1974年当选西班牙工人社会党第一书记并于1979年9月再次当选。期间协助推动西班牙民主转型。

1982年领导工人社会党在大选中取得胜利，获得350个席位的202个，并成功出任西班牙首相，实现首次和平的政党轮替，组建西班牙46年来首个左翼政府，并于1986年、1989年及1993年成功连任。

1996年大选失利下台，把政权移交予右翼的西班牙人民党，实现第二次和平的政党轮替。1997年辞去西班牙工人社会党第一书记一职。

Felipe González Márquez (Spanish: [feˈlipe ɣonˈθaleθ ˈmaɾkeθ]; born 5 March 1942) is a retired Spanish politician who was Prime Minister of Spain from 1982 to 1996 and leader of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party from 1974 to 1997. He is the longest-serving democratically elected prime minister of Spain.

González joined the PSOE in 1964 when it was banned under the Francoist regime. He obtained a law degree from the University of Seville in 1965. In 1974, the PSOE elected González as its secretary-general after a split in its 26th Congress. He led the party through the Spanish transition to democracy, carrying it to a strong second-place finish in the 1977 general election, making the PSOE the main opposition to the ruling Union of the Democratic Centre, a position it maintained in 1979.

After the PSOE victory in the 1982 general election, González formed his first majority government, backed by 202 out of the 350 deputies at the Congress of Deputies, and led the government of Spain for thirteen and a half years after three additional victories in the 1986, 1989 and 1993 general elections. In 1996, González lost the election to José María Aznar and the People's Party and was elected to the Congress of Deputies for the last time in the 2000 general election, from Seville.

Early life

González was born in Bellavista, Seville, the son of a small dairy farmer. He has a sister called Lola González Márquez, married to Francisco Germán Palomino Romera, by whom she has two sons, Felipe and Germán Palomino González. He studied law at the University of Seville and started his career as an attorney specialising in labour law. While at the university he met members of the clandestine socialist trade union Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT). He also contacted members of the PSOE and started taking part in the party's clandestine activity, necessary under the dictatorship of Franco.……

Premiership (1982–1996)

In the 1982 general election held on 28 October 1982, the PSOE gained 48.1% of the vote and 202 deputies (out of 350). On 2 December, González became President of the Government of Spain, with Alfonso Guerra as his deputy. He was the first socialist to hold the post since the Spanish Civil War, and his government was the first since then in which none of its members had served under Francoism.

With a large majority in the Congress of Deputies, popularly known as "the roller" (Spanish: el rodillo), González's election was met with tremendous expectation of change amongst Spaniards.……

Post-premiership (1996–present)

González ended his fourth term on 5 May 1996. Since September 1996, he has headed the Madrid-based Global Progress Foundation (FPG). At the beginning of the 34th PSOE National Congress on 20 June 1997 he surprisingly resigned as leader of the party. He also resigned from the federal executive committee, though retaining his seat in the Congress. With no clear successor, he continued to exert enormous influence over the party. He was only replaced at the 35th party Congress in July 2000 when José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero became the leader.

Personal life

González married María del Carmen Julia Romero y López in Seville on 16 July 1969 and has three children: Pablo González Romero, David González Romero and María González Romero (lawyer). He divorced Carmen Romero in 2008. In 2012, he married Mar García Vaquero.

One of his hobbies is tending bonsai trees. During his tenure at Moncloa, he received and cultivated several of them, mostly Mediterranean species, that he later donated to the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid.

His wife Mar García Vaquero is named in the Panama Papers scandal in 2016.

Published works

"Un discurso ético" (co-authorship with Víctor Márquez Reviriego, 1982).

"El Socialismo" (1997).

"El futuro no es lo que era" (co-authorship with Juan Luis Cebrián, 2002).

"Memorias del futuro" (2003).

"Mi idea de Europa" (2011).