慕容冲

亡国生活

370年，前燕为前秦所灭后，包括慕容冲及其兄慕容泓在内的众多鲜卑慕容部人被迁往关中。慕容冲年仅12，因貌美被前秦天王苻坚占作娈童，与其姐清河公主皆受宠幸，长安因而有歌谣：“一雌复一雄，双飞入紫宫。”经过王猛劝谏，慕容冲才被送出宫。

称帝

前秦建元十九年（383年），前秦于淝水之战大败，对境内各族的控制力减弱。建元二十年（384年）慕容冲之叔慕容垂于河北叛变，慕容泓亦于关中举兵称济北王，因此时任平阳太守的慕容冲也在河东起兵，其后并归慕容泓，一同西进长安。不久，谋臣高盖等人认为慕容泓德望不如慕容冲，且用法苛刻严峻，于是杀慕容泓，改立慕容冲为皇太弟。385年，慕容冲即皇帝位于阿房宫，改元更始，之后在数次击败苻坚后占领长安。自此，慕容冲变得骄傲自满，赏罚随性。

被杀

慕容冲贪图入据长安的安逸，又因为畏惧慕容垂的强大，不敢东回鲜卑人的故地，因而军心思变。关中一带的鲜卑人自从跟随慕容泓起兵起就思念着关东故乡，见慕容冲毫无回归关东的意愿，打算久居长安，逐渐心生不满。更始二年（386年），慕容冲为左将军韩延所杀，变军拥立将军段随为燕王。慕容冲后来被追谥为威皇帝。

子女

子：慕容瑶

Murong Chong (Chinese: 慕容沖; c. 359–386), formally Emperor Wei of (Western) Yan ((西)燕威帝), was an emperor of the Western Yan. He was a son of the Former Yan emperor Murong Jun and a younger brother of Former Yan emperor Murong Wei.

It is not known when Murong Chong was born — although as his older brother Murong Wei was born in 350, he must have been born later than that, but before 359, when he was created the Prince of Zhongshan. In 368, after his uncle Murong Ke, the regent for his brother Murong Wei, had died in 367, he succeeded Murong Ke in his post as the commander of the armed forces, but there is no evidence that he actually commanded armies. After Former Yan was destroyed by Former Qin in 370, he and his brothers were made local officials throughout the Former Qin realm. Historical accounts indicate that he had a sexual relationship with the Former Qin emperor Fu Jiān—and that Fu Jiān's favors for him and his sister Consort Murong, whom Fu Jiān took as a concubine, were the talk of the Former Qin capital Chang'an.

By 384, he was the governor of Pingyang Commandery (平陽, roughly modern Linfen, Shanxi). When he heard that his uncle Murong Chui and his older brother Murong Hong had rebelled against Former Qin in light of Fu Jiān's defeat at the Battle of Fei River in 383, he rebelled as well. He was soon defeated by the Former Qin general Dou Chong, and he joined his brother Murong Hong.

In summer 384, as Murong Hong was advancing on Chang'an, Murong Hong's strategist Gao Gai (高蓋) and other officials felt that Murong Hong's reputation was not as great as Murong Chong's, and that Murong Hong's punishments were overly harsh. They therefore killed him and supported Murong Chong to be the new ruler.……

Personal information

Father

Murong Jun (Emperor Jingzhao of Former Yan)

• Children
• Murong Yao (慕容瑤), later emperor