艾哈迈德·泽维尔

早年和教育

艾哈迈德·泽维尔1946年2月25日生于埃及达曼胡尔，在Disuq长大。他在亚历山大大学取得学士学位，后来迁往美国，在宾夕法尼亚大学取得博士学位。后来在加州大学伯克利分校完成了博士后工作。

学术生涯

在加州大学伯克利分校作完博士后后，他于1976年被任命为加州理工学院教师。1990年，他被选为首任化学物理莱纳斯·鲍林主席。1982年他加入美国国籍。

泽维尔曾被提名并参加奥巴马的总统科技顾问委员会。

研究

泽韦尔主要的工作是飞秒化学。用一种超快激光技术，它能够允许描述非常短时间内发生的化学反应——短到可以分析选定的化学反应过渡态。

奖项

1993年：沃尔夫化学奖

1999年：诺贝尔化学奖，以表扬他在飞秒化学上的成就，是继1978年和平奖得主萨达特、1988年文学奖得主纳吉布·马哈富兹后获诺贝尔奖的埃及人

1999年：Grand Collar of the Nile

逝世

2016年8月2日，艾哈迈德·泽维尔因癌症谢世。

齐威尔于2016年8月2日清晨去世，享年70岁。虽然他当时患有癌症，但经过治疗已逐渐康复，因此他真正的死因至今不明。2016年8月7日，在埃及开罗摩西尔-坦塔维清真寺为他举办了军事丧礼。

Ahmed Hassan Zewail (Arabic: أَحْمَد حَسَن زُوَيْل; February 26, 1946 – August 2, 2016) was an Egyptian-American chemist, known as the "father of femtochemistry". He was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry and became the first Egyptian and Arab to win a Nobel Prize in a scientific field, and the first African to win a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He was a professor of chemistry and physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he was the first Caltech faculty member to be named the Linus Pauling Chair of Chemical Physics and was the director of the Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology.

Early life and education

Ahmed Hassan Zewail was born on February 26, 1946, in Damanhur, Egypt, and was raised in Desouk. He received bachelor's and master's degrees in chemistry from Alexandria University before moving to the United States to complete his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania under the supervision of Robin M. Hochstrasser.

Career

After completing his PhD, Zewail did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, supervised by Charles B. Harris. Following this, he was awarded a faculty appointment at the California Institute of Technology in 1976, and eventually became the first Linus Pauling Chair in Chemical Physics there. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States on March 5, 1982. Zewail was the director of the Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology at the California Institute of Technology.

Research

Zewail's key work was a pioneer of femtochemistry—i.e. the study of chemical reactions on a femtosecond timescale. Using a rapid ultrafast laser technique (consisting of ultrashort laser flashes), the technique allows the description of reactions on very short time scales – short enough to analyse transition states in selected chemical reactions.

Zewail became known as the "father of femtochemistry".……

Political work

In a speech at Cairo University on June 4, 2009, US President Barack Obama proclaimed a new Science Envoy program as part of a "new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world." In January 2010, Ahmed Zewail, Elias Zerhouni, and Bruce Alberts became the first US science envoys to the Muslim world, visiting Muslim-majority countries from North Africa to Southeast Asia.When asked about rumors that he might contest the 2012 Egyptian presidential election, Ahmed Zewail said: "I am a frank man...……

Awards and honours

Zewail's work brought him international attention, receiving awards and honors throughout most of his career for his work in chemistry and physics. In 1999, Zewail became the first Egyptian to receive a science Nobel Prize when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Zewail gave his Nobel Lecture on "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers".

In 1999, he received Egypt's highest state honour, the Grand Collar of the Nile.……

Honorary degrees

Zewail was bestowed honorary degrees by the following institutions:

Personal life

Zewail and his first wife, Mervat, were married in 1967, just before leaving Egypt to attend the University of Pennsylvania for his PhD. He had two daughters with Mervat, Maha and Amani. Mervat and Ahmed however, separated in 1979.

Zewail married Dema Faham, a Syrian, in 1989. Zewail and Faham had two sons, Nabeel and Hani.

Death and funeral

Zewail died aged 70 on the morning of August 2, 2016. He was recovering from cancer, however, the exact cause of his death is unknown. Zewail returned to Egypt, but only his body was received at Cairo Airport. A military funeral was held for Zewail on August 7, 2016, at the El-Mosheer Tantawy mosque in Cairo, Egypt.……