2020年札格雷布地震

地质

萨格勒布位于梅德韦德尼察山南面，而该山北部是由一个活跃于4世纪的东南倾顺向坡逆断层北梅德韦德尼察断层（North Medvednica Fault）所形成，于该地区发生的地震将涉及西－西南-东－东北走向的逆断层，以及西北-东南断层或西-西南-东-东北走向的走滑断层运动。

地震

根据美国国家地震监测台网系统及克罗地亚地震局的观测结果，该次地震的规模为MW 5.3级、里氏震级为ML 5.5级，深度10千米（6.2英里），在麦加利地震烈度表上分类为7（VII）非常强烈。该次地震亦是自1880年萨格勒布地震以来该地区所发生规模最大的地震。

伤亡

该次地震于3月22日分别在克拉皮纳-扎戈列县、首都萨格勒布、萨格勒布县造成3人、11人和3人受伤。3月23日再通报10人受伤，且1名来自萨格勒布的15岁少女因头部受撞击而死亡，目前共有26人受伤和1人死亡。

At approximately 6:24 AM CET on the morning of 22 March 2020, an earthquake of magnitude 5.3 Mw, 5.5 ML, hit Zagreb, Croatia, with an epicenter 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the city centre. The maximum felt intensity was VII–VIII (Very strong to Damaging) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale. The earthquake was followed by numerous aftershocks, the strongest of which with a magnitude of 5.0. It was the strongest earthquake in Zagreb since the 1880 earthquake and caused substantial damage in the historical city center. More than 1,900 buildings were reported to have been damaged to the point of becoming uninhabitable. The earthquake was also felt in Slovenia. At least 27 people were injured by the earthquake, including a teenage girl who later died from injuries caused by falling debris on 23 March. Four days later, a construction worker fell to his death after attempting to repair a building damaged by the earthquake.

The earthquake occurred during the coronavirus pandemic and complicated the enforcement of social distancing measures set out by the Government of Croatia. It occurred during the Croatian Presidency of the Council of the European Union.

The direct earthquake damage inflicted on Zagreb and Krapina-Zagorje County was estimated at 86 billion Croatian kuna (€11.5 billion).

Geology

Zagreb lies just to the south of the mountain of Medvednica. The northern edge of the mountain is formed by a major southeast–dipping reverse fault that has been active during the Quaternary, the North Medvednica Fault.……

Earthquake

The earthquake had a magnitude of 5.3 Mw and a depth of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) according to Advanced National Seismic System and 5.5 ML according to the Seismological Service of Croatia. The maximum perceived intensity was VII (very strong) to VIII (damaging) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale (MSK) and VII (Damaging) on the European macroseismic scale (EMS-98).……

Aftershocks

More than 30 aftershocks were recorded within seven hours of the main tremor, with over 100 aftershocks associated with the earthquake, however, most were weaker than 2.0 magnitude.……

Response

President Zoran Milanović, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković, and Mayor Milan Bandić gave statements, and urged citizens who left their homes to keep a distance due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. The Hospital for Infectious Diseases briefly ceased with coronavirus testing, which resumed later during the day.……

Funding for repairs

Zagreb's administration initially stated that according to the applicable law, it would pay for up to 5 percent of repair costs for uninsured properties whose damage exceeded 60 percent of their value, which was the upper limit according to the law.……

Damage

26,197 buildings are reported to have sustained damage, 1,900 of which are unusable. Some neighbourhoods were left without electricity and heat, and in some areas without internet. The earthquake caused several fires.……

Casualties

Seventeen people were reported injured on 22 March, with a 15-year-old girl in critical condition. Three people were injured in the Krapina-Zagorje County, 11 in Zagreb and three in the Zagreb County. On the next day ten more injuries were reported, making a total of 27 people injured.……

European assistance

Eight European countries have offered assistance for relief:

Serbia donated one million euros.

Austria sent 100 five-person winter tents, 100 lighting kits for tents, 800 camp beds, and 200 sleeping bags for adults.

Bosnia and Herzegovina – The Government of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton donated 100,000 KM (€51,129).

Aftermath

The first scientific paper on the Zagreb earthquake was published on 1 July 2020, in the scientific journal Geosciences.

Some of the buildings affected by the earthquake suffered further damage in the 24–25 July flash flood, including the Children's Hospital Zagreb in Klaić Street, the University of Zagreb Faculty of Science administrative building, and a number of public libraries.