史鉴
图：Yevhen Malaniuk · Public domain · 维基共享资源
克鲁特战役（乌克兰语：Бій під Крутами，罗马化：Bii pid Krutamy）是1918年1月29日，乌克兰-苏维埃战争期间发生在基辅东北130公里处切尔尼戈夫省克鲁特村（今切尔尼戈夫州尼任区）的一场战役，作战双方为乌克兰人民共和国500名军校学生和100名自由哥萨克，另一方为米哈伊尔·穆拉维约夫领导的苏维埃俄国布尔什维克军队1000人及2000名预备队。乌克兰人民共和国使得苏俄军队进攻基辅被迫推迟4日，同时扑灭了布尔什维克发动的基辅兵工厂起义，为与同盟国签署《布列斯特-立陶夫斯克条约》赢得时间，乌克兰人民共和国在此次战役中获战略性胜利。战后，相关历史被苏联政府隐瞒，克鲁特战役80周年纪念日时，乌克兰开始举行纪念活动，2006年在当地修建纪念碑。
正文摘自中文维基百科「克鲁特战役」（删去了参考文献、表格和图片），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用
英文维基百科的更多内容
中文维基百科这一条比较短，下面是英文维基百科同一条目的节选，原文为英文，未翻译。
The Battle of Kruty (Ukrainian: Бій під Крутами, romanized: Bii pid Krutamy) took place on January 29 or 30, 1918, near Kruty railway station (today the village of Pamiatne, Nizhyn Raion, Chernihiv Oblast), about 130 kilometres (81 miles) northeast of Kiev, Ukraine, which at the time was part of Nizhyn Povit of Chernihiv Governorate.
The battle involved a numerically inferior force composed of military cadets and parts of the Ukrainian People's Army, which managed to postpone the Bolshevik advance on Kyiv at the cost of huge losses in its own ranks. This allowed the Ukrainian delegation to win time at the peace negotiations in Brest. The battle became a moral symbol of sacrifice brought by Ukrainian youth in defence of their country.
Location
Starting from the 1890s, the station of Kruty was located at a crossing of two major railway lines and played an important strartegical role. The original wooden station building saw numerous battles during the following period and was eventually destroyed during World War II.
Order of battle
Ukrainian forces (D. Nosenko)
1st Student Company (Sich Riflemen auxiliary kurin) — Petro Omelchenko (fatally wounded) (116 soldiers) was split into four platoons
Cadet Corps of the 1st Ukrainian military school of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi — Averkii Honcharenko (~200 soldiers)
Hlukhiv Free Cossacks (80 soldiers)
Cavalry detachment
Ad hoc armed train (consisted of artillery gun on a flatcar) — S. Loshchenko
Armored train — M. Yartsev (wounded), withdrew to Nizhyn
Russian forces (Mikhail Muravyov)
- 1st Revolutionary Army (Komdiv Pavel Yegorov) — 1,500
- Baltic sailors of Remnyov
- 1st Petrograd Red Guards
1st battalion — Lifanov (wounded)
- 2nd battalion — Vorobyov
- 1st Moscow Red Guards — Ye. Lapidus
- Armored train No. 2
2nd Revolutionary Army (Komdiv Reingold Berzin)
- 436th Novo-Ladoga Regiment
- 534th Novo-Kyiv Regiment
The battle
As Bolshevik forces of about 4,000 men, commanded by Mikhail Muravyov, advanced toward Kyiv, a small Ukrainian unit of 400 soldiers of the Bakhmach garrison (about 300 of which were students), commanded initially by Captain F. Tymchenko, withdrew from Bakhmach to a small railroad station Kruty midway towards Nizhyn. The small unit consisted mainly of the Student Battalion (Kurin) of Sich Riflemen, a unit of the Khmelnytsky Cadet School, and a Free Cossacks company.
Just before the assault Tymchenko was replaced by D. Nosenko. Tymchenko left for Nizhyn in attempt to recruit the locally quartered Shevchenko Regiment (800 soldiers) to the Ukrainian side. On January 30, 1918, the Shevchenko regiment sided with the Soviet regime, the news of which forced the Ukrainian garrison of Kruty hastily to withdraw.……
Notable participants
Leonid Butkevych, the youngest soldier who was in the sixth grade
Legacy
The battle's first anniversary, which included a memorial service held by families of fallen students, was mentioned in Ukrainian press on 30 January 1919, a few days before the new capture of Kyiv by the Bolsheviks. An accurate history of the battle was long suppressed by the Soviet government. The memory about the event was preserved in Western Ukraine and among the Ukrainian diaspora, where it became a subject of numerous poems and other publications.
Poet Mykola Zerov called the battle's participants "Ukrainian Spartans", comparing them with heroes of the Battle of Thermopylae. The battle and subsequent massacre are mentioned in the "Prayer of the Ukrainian Nationalist" by Osyp Mashchak. In his 1941 publication Ukrainian author Yevhen Malaniuk described the battle as "birth of the New Ukrainian".
In culture
Publications
A bibliography of sources related to the battle was published in 1933-1934 in Lviv. For the 40th anniversary in 1958 a brochure was published by V.Yaniv.
Music
Several Ukrainian folk songs mention the Battle of Kruty in their texts.
Art
A watercolor painting depicting the Battle of Kruty was created by Ukrainian painter and Ukrainian People's Republic army veteran Leonid Perfetsky. In recent times, a mural dedicated to the battle's participants has been created in Kyiv.
Film
A Ukrainian movie dedicated to the battle was presented in 2018.
正文摘自英文维基百科（原文为英文，未翻译）「Battle of Kruty」（节选，删去了参考文献、表格和图片），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用；在维基百科读全文 ›
相关人物
相关政权
同时期、同地区的大事
- 犹太人大屠杀1933 年—1945 年 · 屠杀与暗杀 · 欧洲
- 大萧条1929 年 10 月 29 日—1941 年 · 时代与时期 · 欧洲
- 凡尔赛条约1920 年 1 月 10 日 · 条约与会议 · 欧洲
- 十月革命1917 年 10 月 25 日—1917 年 10 月 26 日 · 革命与起义 · 欧洲
- 国家社会主义德国工人党1920 年 2 月 24 日—1945 年 10 月 10 日 · 其他事件 · 欧洲
- 党卫队1925 年 4 月 4 日—1945 年 5 月 8 日 · 其他事件 · 欧洲
- 盖世太保1933 年 4 月 26 日—1945 年 5 月 8 日 · 其他事件 · 欧洲
- 德国国旗1917 年 · 其他事件 · 欧洲
- 乌克兰大饥荒1932 年—1933 年 · 屠杀与暗杀 · 欧洲
- 俄国二月革命1917 年 3 月 8 日—1917 年 3 月 16 日 · 革命与起义 · 欧洲
- 巴黎和会1919 年 1 月 18 日—1920 年 1 月 21 日 · 其他事件 · 欧洲
- 巴尔干战争1912 年 10 月 8 日—1913 年 7 月 18 日 · 战争 · 欧洲
同时期的同类事件（战役）
- 斯大林格勒战役1942 年 8 月 23 日—1943 年 2 月 2 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 巴巴罗萨行动1941 年 6 月 22 日—1941 年 12 月 5 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 珍珠港事件1941 年 12 月 7 日 · 战役 · 大洋洲
- 波兰战役1939 年 9 月 1 日—1939 年 10 月 6 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 不列颠战役1940 年 7 月 10 日—1940 年 10 月 31 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 加里波利之战1915 年 4 月 25 日—1916 年 1 月 9 日 · 战役 · 西亚
- 法国战役1940 年 5 月 10 日—1940 年 6 月 25 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 海王行动1944 年 6 月 6 日—1944 年 8 月 29 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 柏林战役1945 年 4 月 16 日—1945 年 5 月 2 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 库尔斯克会战1943 年 7 月 5 日—1943 年 8 月 23 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 列宁格勒围城战1941 年 9 月 8 日—1944 年 1 月 27 日 · 战役 · 欧洲
- 凡尔登战役1916 年 2 月 21 日—1916 年 12 月 18 日 · 战役 · 欧洲