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1970年柬埔寨政变

1970 Cambodian coup d'état

时间
1970 年 3 月 18 日
国家 / 地区
柬埔寨
属于
柬埔寨内战
类型
政变
简述
柬埔寨历史上推翻王国建立共和国的尝试

1970年柬埔寨政变(高棉语:រដ្ឋប្រហារឆ្នាំ ១៩៧០)是1970年柬埔寨军方发动的一场推翻诺罗敦·西哈努克的政变。

1960年代,北越军队进入柬埔寨境内袭击南越。由于柬埔寨国家元首诺罗敦·西哈努克对北越及越共游击队的纵容,引起柬埔寨军方的不满。1970年3月,在西哈努克前往欧洲、苏联及中国访问的时候,金边爆发了反越的大规模游行示威。3月12日,副首相西索瓦·施里玛达宣布取消西哈努克对同北越达成的贸易协定;首相朗诺关闭西哈努克港,要求当地驻扎的所有北越军队在72小时内撤离。

3月18日,军方占领金边的各处重要地区,朗诺宣布罢免西哈努克,不再实行君主制,将国名由“柬埔寨王国”临时变更为“柬埔寨国”。23日,流亡中国的西哈努克透过北京的广播,号召柬埔寨人起义反抗朗诺。大规模要求召回西哈努克的示威在磅湛省、茶胶省及贡布省爆发。

10月9日,朗诺宣布高棉共和国正式成立,自任总统。这次政变促成了西哈努克与红色高棉的合作。

正文摘自中文维基百科「1970年柬埔寨政变」(删去了参考文献、表格和图片),按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用

英文维基百科的更多内容

中文维基百科这一条比较短,下面是英文维基百科同一条目的节选,原文为英文,未翻译。

The 1970 Cambodian coup d'état (Khmer: រដ្ឋប្រហារឆ្នាំ១៩៧០, French: Coup d'État de 1970) was the removal of the Cambodian Chief of State, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, after a vote in the National Assembly on 18 March 1970. Emergency powers were subsequently invoked by the Prime Minister Lon Nol, who became effective head of state, and led ultimately to the removal of Queen Sisowath Kossamak and the proclamation of the Khmer Republic later that year. It is generally seen as a turning point in the Cambodian Civil War. No longer a monarchy, Cambodia was semi-officially called "État du Cambodge" (State of Cambodia) in the intervening six months after the coup, until the republic was proclaimed.

It also marked the change of Cambodia involvement in the Vietnam War, as Lon Nol issued an ultimatum to North Vietnamese forces to leave Cambodia.

Background

Since independence from France in 1953, Cambodia had been led by Prince Norodom Sihanouk, whose Sangkum political movement secured complete political power after the 1955 parliamentary election, where no opposition candidate secured a single seat. Following King Norodom Suramarit's death in 1960, Sihanouk had forced the National Assembly to approve a constitutional amendment that made him Chief of State with no fixed term of office, while Queen Sisowath Kossamak remained a mere ceremonial figure.……

Overthrow of Sihanouk

In early March 1970, anti-Vietnamese demonstrations occurred in Cambodia while Sihanouk was touring Europe, the Soviet Union and China. William Shawcross has suggested that Lon Nol planned the first demonstrations in eastern Cambodia on 8 March. On 11 March in Phnom Penh, crowds, said to have been organised by Lon Nol's brother, Lon Non, attacked the embassies of North Vietnam and the PRGR South Vietnam. Vietnamese residences, businesses and churches were also attacked.……

Claimed U.S. involvement

After the coup, Prince Sihanouk accused the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of being behind the coup. While role of the CIA is disputed, the U.S.……

Demonstrations against the coup

On 23 March, Sihanouk (via Beijing Radio) called for a general uprising against Lon Nol. Large-scale popular demonstrations calling for Sihanouk's return began in Kompong Cham, Takéo Province, and Kampot Province. The demonstrations in Kompong Cham became particularly violent, with two National Assembly deputies, Sos Saoun and Kim Phon, being killed by demonstrators on 26 March after driving to the town to negotiate. Lon Nol's brother, police official Lon Nil, was set upon in the nearby town of Tonle Bet by plantation workers and was also killed.

Aftermath

Following the coup, North Vietnam forces invaded Cambodia in 1970 at the request of Khmer Rouge leader Nuon Chea. Thousands of Vietnamese were killed by Lon Nol's anti-communist forces and their bodies dumped in the Mekong River. Attacks against Vietnamese began after a demand by Lon Nol that all Vietnamese communists leave Cambodia. Phnom Penh's North Vietnamese embassy was ravaged by Cambodians.

Cambodia abandoned an international policy of neutrality and aligned with the United States.……

正文摘自英文维基百科(原文为英文,未翻译)「1970 Cambodian coup d'état」(节选,删去了参考文献、表格和图片),按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用;在维基百科读全文 ›

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