史鉴
图：Kaizenify · CC BY-SA 4.0 · 维基共享资源
- 时间
- 2020 年 10 月
- 地点
- 在线和离线
- 国家 / 地区
- 尼日利亚
- 属于
- Z世代抗议活动
- 类型
- 社会运动、抗议
- 简述
- social movement against police brutality in Nigeria
2020年尼日利亚抗议（End Special Anti-Robbery Squad，简称End SARS或#EndSARS）是2020年10月发生在尼日利亚的一场该国人民反对警察暴力的社会运动。示威群众呼吁当局解散特别反抢劫行动队（SARS），这是尼日利亚一支备受争议的警察特种部队，特别反抢劫行动队被指控长期滋扰、恐吓和虐待尼日利亚人民。
早在2017年，尼日利亚人民就在Twitter上发布带有#ENDSARS的主题标签的推文，要求尼日利亚政府解决特别反抢劫行动队引发的暴力问题。2020年10月，反对特别反抢劫行动队的运动卷土重来，尼日利亚的主要城市均发生大规模示威活动。同时尼日利亚人还在推特上分享有关特别反抢劫行动队成员在尼日利亚从事绑架、谋杀、盗窃、强奸、施加酷刑、非法逮捕、侮辱、非法拘留，法外处决和勒索的事迹和视频。2020年10月11日，尼日利亚当局宣布解散特别反抢劫行动队。但是有许多人指出，其实尼日利亚当局近年来也做出过类似的承诺，但并未兑现。而此次尼日利亚当局只是将特别反抢劫行动队的负责人调整至其他部门，而不是完全将其撤职。因此抗议活动继续进行，尼日利亚政府选择暴力镇压示威者，有示威者在冲突中丧生。
2020年10月19日，示威者袭击了两所位于贝宁城的监狱，导致约2000名囚犯越狱。由于示威持续，10月20日起，拉各斯州实施24小时戒严。
正文摘自中文维基百科「2020年尼日利亚抗议」（删去了参考文献、表格和图片），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用
英文维基百科的更多内容
中文维基百科这一条比较短，下面是英文维基百科同一条目的节选，原文为英文，未翻译。
End SARS, widely written as EndSARS or #EndSARS, was a decentralised social movement and series of mass protests against police brutality in Nigeria that mainly occurred in October of 2020. The movement's slogan called for the disbandment of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS), a notorious unit of the Nigerian Police known for its long record of abuse against Nigerian citizens. The protests originated from a Twitter campaign in 2017, using the hashtag #EndSARS to demand the unit's disbandment by the Nigerian government. The movement experienced a resurgence in October 2020 following further revelations of the unit's abuses, leading to mass demonstrations across major cities in Nigeria, and widespread outrage on social media platforms. The hashtag #EndSARS accumulated over 28 million tweets on Twitter alone. Solidarity protests and demonstrations by Nigerians in the diaspora and sympathizers occurred in many major cities around the world. Notably, the movement was predominantly led by young Nigerians and expanded to include demands for good governance and accountability, amidst unprecedented hardship in the country.
Within a few days of protests, on 11 October 2020, the Nigerian Police Force announced the dissolution of the unit with immediate effect. The move was widely perceived as a triumph for the demonstrators. However, it was noted in many quarters that similar announcements had been made in recent years to placate the public without the unit actually being disbanded, and that the government had merely planned to reassign and review SARS officers to medical centres rather than disband the unit entirely. Protests continued accordingly, and the Nigerian government maintained a pattern of violent repression, including the killing of demonstrators.……
Background
The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) was a unit of the Nigeria Police Force under the State Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department (SCIID).……
Initial protests and reactions
Amnesty International accused the SARS officials of regularly detaining young male Nigerians illegally and extorting money from their relatives.……
October 2020 second wave
On Saturday 3 October 2020, a video showing a SARS police officer shooting a young Nigerian at Ughelli, Southern Delta State trended on the Internet. It was alleged that the police officers took away the young man's vehicle – a Lexus SUV.……
Five demands
On Sunday, 11 October 2020, the protestors made a list of five demands to be met by the Federal Government of Nigeria.……
Timeline of events
8 October
Nigerian youths protested on EndSARS at the Lagos State Governor's House on Thursday 8 October and slept at the gate of the government house till Friday 9 October 2020 when the deputy governor addressed the protesters.……
9 October
On Friday, 9 October 2020, the deputy governor of Lagos State, Femi Hamzat addressed the protesters and acknowledged that police officers do not have the right to trample on the rights of law-abiding citizens based on their appearance or on items in their possession.……
February 2021 protest against the reopening of Lekki toll gate
After the Nigerian government announced that activities at the Lekki toll gate would restart, Nigerians not satisfied with the decision to restart activities at a symbolic site where reportedly unarmed citizens died during the End SARS protest called for a fresh protest to start at 7am on 13 February 2021.……
2021 End SARS Memorial protest
In October 2021, Minister of Police Affairs Mohammed Maigari Dingyadi reported to Deutsche Welle that police brutality had been "reduced to the barest minimum" since the End SARS protests.……
Nigerian protests by state
Delta State
On Saturday, 10 October 2020, the #EndSARS protest started from the Ekiugbo section of Ughelli, Delta State, went through the Ughelli Market, Ughelli Area Command and Isoko Road. The protests led to traffic gridlocks at the Ughelli–Patani section of the East–West Road.……
Anambra State
On Saturday, 10 October 2020, hundreds of young people gathered at Ekwueme Square, Awka in the morning hours and peacefully marched past the Eke Awka market, and through the major streets of the town with placards.……
Voluntary donations
The #EndSARS protests were sustained by voluntary donations made by Nigerian citizens and the international community. There were voluntary donations of food items, water, and professional services by lawyers and doctors for protesters.……
International protests
International demonstrations were organised by the Nigerian diaspora in Europe, the Americas, Oceania, and elsewhere in Africa.……
Canada
On Monday, 12 October 2020, Nigerians living in the Waterloo Region of Ontario organised a peaceful demonstration in support of the #EndSARS movement.……
Hungary
On Wednesday, 22 October 2020, Nigerians, friends of Nigeria and Social Justice flooded the streets of Budapest in support of the #EndSARS protest in Nigeria.……
Role of the internet
The 2020 EndSARS protest was largely effective due to the use of digital technology, particularly the internet. Nigerian youths tagged the 'soro soke' generation started the protest from Twitter before taking it to the streets. 'Soro soke' is a Yoruba phrase which means 'speak louder'.……
Celebrity actions
Many celebrities and Black Lives Matter activists wrote letters directed to President Buhari demanding justice for and the humane treatment of Nigerian people during the protests.……
正文摘自英文维基百科（原文为英文，未翻译）「End SARS」（节选，删去了参考文献、表格和图片），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用；在维基百科读全文 ›
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