亚历山德罗波尔条约

Impact

The terms of the Alexandropol Treaty were prepared by Turkey, with no concessions made to the Armenians. Turkey rejected Khatisyan's appeals for the inclusion of Surmalu, Mount Ararat, and the medieval capital of Ani, for their significant importance to Armenian culture and history.

The Alexandropol Treaty forced Armenia to forfeit all claims to Western Armenia which had been promised under the Treaty of Sevres, reduce its military to a token force, and accept Turkish oversight. Turkey was to assume control over transportation and communications, thereby reducing Armenia to a Turkish protectorate or vassal state. Turkey was granted the right of transit through Armenian territory. A large part of the south of Yerevan province was ceded to Azerbaijan, later to become the Turkish protectorate of Nakhchivan.

The Alexandropol Treaty also changed the boundary of the First Republic of Armenia to the Ardahan-Kars borderline and ceded over half of the First Republic of Armenia to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The tenth item in the agreement required that Armenia renounce the Treaty of Sèvres. The new borders were later ratified by the Treaty of Kars, signed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and, at Soviet Russia's insistence, the three Soviet republics of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.

With the mass flight of Armenians from the regions designated for Turkish annexation, Turkish General Karabekir proposed a plebiscite based on self-determination, echoing the procedure the Ottomans had used to legitimize the seizure of Kars after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Karabekir also attempted to include text in the treaty that claimed that Armenians had never formed a majority in any part of the Ottoman Empire.

Articles of the treaty

An abbreviated version of the treaty terms is as follows: Historian Richard G. Hovannisian also provides a paraphrased English translation but he notes that there are multiple versions in different languages which are not in agreement in wording of even in the number of articles.

The state of war between Turkey and the Armenian Republic has ended.

The frontier between Turkey and Armenia. Armenia will not interfere in the administrative form to be chosen by general election and that administration's jurisdiction in Mount Kouki, Mount Gamasour, the village of Koutoulak, Mount Saat, the houses in Arpatchai, Mount Kemourlu, Sarayboulak, the station Ararat, and the southern part of the estuary of the Lower Karasou on the Arax River (Nakhitchevan, Shahtakhti, Shamour). The administration of this zone shall be under Turkish protection.

The Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey may consider the wishes of the Armenian Republic about the relocation of the entire native population back into the territories designated in the second article, existing in the old Ottoman boundaries, which shall remain to Turkey by irrefutable historical, ethnic, and legalistic rights.

The Armenian Government undertakes not to maintain any military organization 1,500 riflemen with 8 mountain or field guns and 20 machine guns for the protection of its internal peace. There will be no military conscription in Armenia anymore. The Armenian Republic is free to build fortifications and place in them as many heavy artillery pieces as it wishes for the protection of the country against external enemies. This heavy artillery includes 15 cm shells and 15 cm long rifles that can be used, and lesser ones used in field armies. No larger guns will be found.

The Armenian Government permits the Turkish representative in Yerevan to be free to investigate all these matters at any time. In return, the Grand National Assembly promises military assistance to Armenia in any internal or external trouble.