太平洋群岛托管地

历史

此区原属于德意志帝国的殖民地，一次大战德国战败后，被大日本帝国占领。1920年国际联盟将此地交给日本托管，日本在此设置南洋厅。1944年太平洋战争期间被美军攻占，战后联合国交由美国托管。

1986年10月21日，美国结束对马绍尔群岛的托管，而加罗林群岛的雅浦、丘克、波纳佩和科斯雷四个区域（已同意组成密克罗尼西亚联邦）以及马里亚纳群岛也在同年11月3日终止托管。联合国则于1990年12月22日正式终止以上地区的托管。而帕劳则于1994年5月24日结束托管，并于10月1日与美方达成协议，正式宣布独立。

• 目前这个地带可分为以下四个领域：
• 马绍尔群岛
• 密克罗尼西亚联邦
• 北马里亚纳群岛
• 帕劳

The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994. The Imperial Japanese South Seas Mandate had been seized by the US during the Pacific War, as Japan had administered the territory since the League of Nations gave Japan a mandate over the area from Imperial Germany after World War I. However, in the 1930s, Japan left the League of Nations and invaded additional lands. During World War II, military control of the islands was contested, but by the war's end, the islands had come under the Allies' control. The Trust Territory of the Pacific was created to administer the islands as part of the United States while still under the auspices of the United Nations. Most of the island groups in the territory became independent states, with some degree of association kept with the United States: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Palau are independent states in a Compact of Free Association with the US, while the Northern Mariana Islands remain under US jurisdiction, as an unincorporated territory and commonwealth.

History

Spain initially claimed the islands that later composed the territory of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI). Subsequently, Germany established competing claims over the islands. The competing claims were eventually resolved in favor of Germany when Spain, following its loss of several possessions to the United States during the Spanish–American War, ceded its claims over the islands to Germany pursuant to the German–Spanish Treaty (1899).……

Government

The islands were administered by a High Commissioner who was appointed by the US President. However, the Commissioner served under the US Secretary of the Interior. A judiciary also existed as well for the territory as a whole along with legislatures for each of the districts.

Geography

In 1969, the 100 occupied islands comprised 700 square miles (1,800 km2) over an area of 3,000,000 square miles (7,800,000 km2) of sea. The latter area was comparable in size to the continental United States. The water area is about 5% of the Pacific Ocean.

Demographics

The islands' population was 200,000 in the latter part of the 19th century. The population decreased to 100,000 by 1969 due to emigration, war, and disease. At that time, the population inhabited less than 100 out of 2,141 of the Marshall, Mariana, and Caroline Islands.

• 1958: 70,724
• 1970: 90,940

Education

All instruction was in English in the Trust Territory at educational facilities. The government of the Trust Territory had a goal of establishing universal free education from elementary school through high school. Natives did participate in educational administration in the territory.

In 1947, the Mariana Islands' Teacher Training School (MITTS), a normal school serving all areas of the Trust Territory, opened in Guam.……

Economy

The economy of the TTPI was largely based on subsistence farming and fishing along with to a degree copra and tourism. There was a heavy dependency upon the United States.

The US Dollar served as the currency as it did not have a currency of its own. Banks from the United States did provide their services in the territory with a presence being in every district.

Transportation

Transportation was provided by sea for cargo and by air for passengers.

Status

Following the termination of the trusteeship, the territory of the former TTPI became four separate jurisdictions:

Sovereign states in free association with the United States

The following sovereign states have become freely associated with the United States under the Compact of Free Association (COFA).

Republic of the Marshall Islands – established 1979, COFA effective October 21, 1986

Federated States of Micronesia – established 1979, COFA effective November 3, 1986

Republic of Palau – established 1981, COFA effective October 1, 1994