东魏 534 年—550 年

历史

北魏孝武帝为对抗权臣高欢逃奔关中后，高欢另立元善见为帝，东魏开始。

东魏自始，便是霸府政治权臣高欢架空皇帝掌控整个政局。高欢于公元547年病死，其权势由长子高澄所继承。随即发生大将侯景叛投西魏的事件，但被高澄所平定。高澄权倾人主，曾命手下崔季舒打孝静帝三拳。后来孝静帝君臣图谋高澄，事泄，高澄指责身为皇帝的孝静帝要造反，虽然当时与孝静帝和解，但随即幽禁孝静帝并诛杀参与图谋的大臣。公元550年，当二十七岁的孝静帝以为高澄遇刺身亡、自己可以亲政时，随即被高澄之弟高洋所废，东魏亡。东魏只有孝静帝元善见一个皇帝，用四个年号，共十六年。东魏由北齐取代。高洋封元善见为中山王，不久就杀其父子，其他东魏宗室也大多为高洋所杀。

东魏时期的艺术创作仍以佛教为主要启发。位于泰山的神通寺，是中国现存最古老的石造塔寺，可能建于东魏一代。此时期的佛雕较北魏时期浑厚。

Wei, known in historiography as the Eastern Wei (simplified Chinese: 东魏; traditional Chinese: 東魏; pinyin: Dōng Wèi), was an imperial dynasty of China that followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei dynasty. One of the Northern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period, the Eastern Wei ruled the eastern part of northern China from 534 to 550 AD. As with the Northern Wei, the ruling family of the Eastern Wei were members of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei.

History

Gao Huan was the potentate of the eastern half of what was Northern Wei territory. In 534, following the disintegration of the Northern Wei dynasty, he installed Yuan Shanjian as ruler of Eastern Wei. Yuan Shanjian was a descendant of the Northern Wei imperial family, and was installed as a puppet ruler, as the real power lay in the hands of Gao Huan. Several military campaigns, such as the Battle of Shayuan, were launched against the neighboring Western Wei in an attempt to reunify the territory once held by the Northern Wei. However, these campaigns were not successful. In 547, Gao Huan died. His sons Gao Cheng and Gao Yang were able to pursue his policy of controlling the emperor, but in 550 Gao Yang deposed Yuan Shanjian and founded his dynasty, the Northern Qi.

Art

The Buddhist art of the Eastern Wei displays a combination of Greco-Buddhist influences from Gandhara and Central Asia (representations of flying figures holding wreaths, Greek-style folds of the drapery), together with Chinese artistic influences.